tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-43699438545122827642024-03-04T23:59:22.140-08:00Proutist Bloc,India Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger47125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-6087431156478603032021-06-14T10:12:00.001-07:002021-06-14T10:13:15.616-07:00Shobha Dhar, Delhi Assembly Election-2019<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOlIfb2IyhX2Pu4ERo54nHtouX9bLuIp1STQr6T8BfkSacWMzMW-2IbPL3062bTgjsr22urNBsyONSMjpJKbEGC1OcTSDJ6UsXFliz3qle-qI2WsbvS_UPDSoDa546ZUc6wbe9ovz-Y38N/s1040/shobha+pbi+election.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="492" data-original-width="1040" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOlIfb2IyhX2Pu4ERo54nHtouX9bLuIp1STQr6T8BfkSacWMzMW-2IbPL3062bTgjsr22urNBsyONSMjpJKbEGC1OcTSDJ6UsXFliz3qle-qI2WsbvS_UPDSoDa546ZUc6wbe9ovz-Y38N/s16000/shobha+pbi+election.jpg" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-309923776509620162020-12-29T02:12:00.010-08:002021-01-02T07:50:46.945-08:00Can The Three Farm Laws Solve Agrarian crisis<p> <b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #984806; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">CAN THREE NEW LAWS SOLVE THE PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR?</span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> The central Government got approved the three laws pertaining to Agriculture sector. This package combines three laws, all introduced through the ordinance route. First, the government has amended the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 to remove the existing restrictions on stocking food produce. Second, it has introduced a new law — The Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) — to end the monopoly of the Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMC) and allow anyone to purchase and sell agricultural produce. Third, another law — The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services —to legalise contract farming so that big businesses and companies can cultivate vast swaths of land on contract. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b>क्या नए कृषि कानून कृषि क्षेत्र की समस्याओं को हल कर सकते हैं?</b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b> </b></span><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">केंद्र सरकार ने कृषि क्षेत्र से संबंधित तीन कानूनों को मंजूरी दी है। अध्यादेश के द्वारा लाया गया यह </b><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">यह पैकेज तीन कानूनों को जोड़ता है:</b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">सबसे पहले, सरकार ने खाद्य पदार्थों के भंडारण पर मौजूदा प्रतिबंधों को हटाने के लिए आवश्यक वस्तु अधिनियम, 1955 में संशोधन किया है। </b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">दूसरा, इसने कृषि उत्पादन बाजार समितियों (एपीएमसी) के एकाधिकार को समाप्त करने और किसी को भी कृषि उपज खरीदने और बेचने की अनुमति देने के लिए - किसान उत्पादन व्यापार और वाणिज्य (संवर्धन और सुविधा) - एक नया कानून पेश किया है। </b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;"> अनुबंध खेती को वैध बनाने तथा प्रोत्साहित करने के लिए </b><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">एक और कानून - मूल्य आश्वासन और कृषि सेवाओं पर किसान (सशक्तीकरण और संरक्षण) समझौता - बनाया गया है ताकि बड़े व्यवसायी और कम्पनियाँ अनुबंध पर विशाल भूभाग पर खेती कर सकें। </b></p><div><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><br /></b></div><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">These laws are hailed as landmark decisions that would benefit Indian farmers and transform the agricultural sector.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> The government stated that these laws will help move towards a freer and more flexible system for both parties involved (farmers and sponsors that can be individuals, partnership firms, companies, limited liability groups and societies). </span><span style="color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Taken together, these laws intend to liberalise the regulatory system in the agriculture sector, provide freedom to farmers and traders to trade in farm produce at a site of their choice such as farm gates, warehouses, etc., and to usher in legal contract farming in a uniform manner throughout the country.</span><span style="color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="p" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> The effectiveness of these laws needs to be critically analysed in the light of the problems faced by agriculture sector and the farmers.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b> सरकार द्वारा इन कानूनों को ऐतिहासिक फैसले के रूप में रेखांकित किया जा रहा है, जो भारतीय किसानों को लाभान्वित करेंगे और कृषि क्षेत्र का पूरी तरह रूपांतरण कर देंगे। सरकार ने कहा कि ये कानून शामिल दोनों पक्षों </b></span><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;">(किसान और प्रायोजक जो व्यक्ति, साझेदारी फर्म, कंपनियां, सीमित देयता समूह और समाज हो सकते हैं)</b><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;"> के लिए एक स्वतंत्र और अधिक लचीली प्रणाली की ओर बढ़ने में मदद करेंगे । ये कानून कृषि क्षेत्र में नियामक प्रणाली को उदार बनाकर किसानों और व्यापारियों को अपनी पसंद के स्थान पर जैसे खेत, गोदामों इत्यादि में कृषि उपज का व्यापार करने की स्वतंत्रता प्रदान करते हैं और कानूनी अनुबंध खेती की </b><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">पूरे देश में एक समान तरीके से </b><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">शुरूआत करते हैं। </b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;">कृषि क्षेत्र और किसानों की समस्याओं के मद्देनज़र </b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b>इन कानूनों की प्रभावशीलता का गंभीर रूप से विश्लेषण करने की आवश्यकता है।</b></span></p><div><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b><br /></b></span></div><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><br /></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">MODERN INDIA’S AGRARIAN CRISIS: </span></b><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Experts and economists have listed the following issues as the major reasons for agrarian crisis of India.</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="16" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">· </span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Small and fragmented land holdings -- Uneconomic holdings. </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">· </span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Heavy dependency on Agriculture </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">· </span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Subsistence farming </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">· </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">Seeds</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">. </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Manures, Fertilizers and Biocides - Under the control of MNCs – </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">· </span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Irrigation –only 45.7% cultivated area is irrigated. </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">· </span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Lack of Mechanisation </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">· </span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Lack of adequate technical knowhow </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">· </span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Marketing </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">· </span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Storage, Transport </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">· </span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Absence of Land Use planning </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">· </span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Crop selection </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">· </span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Disguised Unemployment </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">· </span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Insecurity for Agricultural Labourers. </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">· </span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Scarcity of Capital </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">आधुनिक भारत का कृषि संकट:</b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b> विशेषज्ञों और अर्थशास्त्रियों ने निम्नलिखित मुद्दों को भारत के कृषि संकट के प्रमुख कारणों के रूप में सूचीबद्ध किया है।</b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b>· छोटी और खंडित भूमि जोत -- अलाभकारी जोत </b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">· कृषि पर भारी निर्भरता</b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">· निर्वाह कृषि</b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">· बीज, खाद, उर्वरक और जैवनाशी आदि पर बहुराष्ट्रीय कंपनियों का नियंत्रण </b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">· सिंचाई - मात्र 45.7% खेती योग्य क्षेत्र के लिए ही सिंचाई उपलब्ध है </b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">· मशीनीकरण का अभाव</b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">· पर्याप्त तकनीकी जानकारी का अभाव</b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">· विपणन</b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">· भंडारण व परिवहन की कमी</b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">· भूमि के समुचित उपयोग के लिए योजना का अभाव </b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">· फसल चयन </b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">· प्रच्छन्न (छिपी) बेरोजगारी</b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">· कृषि मजदूरों के लिए असुरक्षा।</b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">· पूंजी की कमी</b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Apart from the above problems, Farmers are facing present day complicated situations, deepening of Agrarian crisis with the cropping up of new problems due to change in social equations, misuse and abuse of scientific inventions, climate change, expanding economic arena, policies of globalization, liberalization etc. Pro establishment Experts hesitate/refuse to recognise these issues as problems. </span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> It is pertinent to see whether these new laws are capable of solving the above problems.</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><b>उपरोक्त समस्याओं के अलावा, किसानों को वर्तमान समय में कई अन्य जटिल परिस्थितियों का सामना करना पड़ रहा है, जिनमें प्रमुख हैं : सामाजिक समीकरणों में बदलाव, वैज्ञानिक आविष्कारों का दुरुपयोग, जलवायु परिवर्तन, आर्थिक क्षेत्र का विस्तार, वैश्वीकरण और </b></span><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">उदारीकरण </b><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">की नीतियाँ आदि। सरकार व वर्तमान व्यवस्था समर्थक विशेषज्ञ इन मुद्दों को समस्याओं के रूप में पहचानने से संकोच करते हैं।</b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b> यह देखना आवश्यक व उचित है कि ये नए कानून उपरोक्त समस्याओं को हल करने में सक्षम हैं या नहीं।</b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Small and fragmented land holdings -- Uneconomic holdings: </span></b><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">More than 67% of farmers own less than 1 Ha, and 1% of the farmers own more than 4 Ha. This is one of the major reasons of agrarian crisis. The solution is formation of economic holdings.</span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">Economic Landholding<a name="4..29"></a>: </span></b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-top: 15pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">According to PROUT, to facilitate increased production economic holdings must first be reorganized. An economic holding means a holding where output exceeds input. It is not possible to predetermine the size of this economic unit. While considering input, output, productivity, etc., to determine the optimum size of an economic unit, factors like the fertility of the soil, climatic conditions, etc., will have to be considered.</span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-top: 15pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">छोटी और खंडित भूमि जोत - अलाभकारी खेत </b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><b>67% से अधिक किसानों के पास 1 हेक्टेयर से कम और 1% किसानों के पास 4 हेक्टेयर से अधिक है। यह कृषि संकट के प्रमुख कारणों में से एक है। इसका समाधान </b></span><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">है: </b><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">आर्थिक जोत का गठन ।</b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><br /></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><br /></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">आर्थिक जोत (इकोनॉमिक लैंडहोल्डिंग)</b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">प्रउत के अनुसार, उत्पादन में वृद्धि के लिए आर्थिक जोत को पहले पुनर्गठित किया जाना चाहिए। एक आर्थिक <b style="text-indent: 22.5pt;">जोत </b>का अर्थ एक इतने क्षेत्रफल का खेत है जिससे उत्पादन उस पर किए गए खर्चे से अधिक होता है। इस आर्थिक इकाई के आकार को पूर्व निर्धारित करना संभव नहीं है। एक आर्थिक इकाई के उपयुक्त आकार को निर्धारित करने के लिए खर्च, उत्पादन, उत्पादकता आदि पर विचार करते समय, मिट्टी की उर्वरता, जलवायु परिस्थितियाँ आदि कारकों पर विचार करना होगा।</b></p><div><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b><br /></b></span></div><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><a name="4..31"></a><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><a name="4..30"></a>Economic holdings will generally comprise land of the same topography having adequate irrigation and other agricultural facilities. The size of economic holdings must be progressively increased keeping all these factors in mind. In the first stage, individual small farmers should be encouraged to pool their land together to make it economically viable holding and start cultivation on co-operative principles. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">The ownership of the land is inconsequential; what counts is the production from the land. Merely delegating the management of land to someone will not yield the desired production. Formation of </span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">economic holdings through cooperation in farming and phase wise cooperative farming is the way out. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b>एक आर्थिक जोत में आमतौर पर एक ही स्थलाकृति की भूमि होगी, जिसमें पर्याप्त सिंचाई और अन्य कृषि सुविधाएँ होंगी। इन सभी कारकों को ध्यान में रखते हुए आर्थिक </b><b>जोत </b><b>का आकार उत्तरोत्तर बढ़ाया जाना चाहिए। पहले चरण में, छोटे किसानों को </b></span><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;">प्रोत्साहित किया जाना चाहिए कि वे </b><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;">अपनी जमीन को एक साथ जोड़ कर</b><b style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; text-indent: 22.5pt;"> एक आर्थिक रूप से व्यवहारिक जोत बना कर सहकारिता के सिद्धांतों पर खेती शुरू करें।</b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b> भूमि का स्वामी कौन है यह महत्वपूर्ण नहीं है; महत्वपूर्ण यह है कि भूमि से उत्पादन कितना है । किसी को भी भूमि का प्रबंधन सौंपने मात्र से वांछित उत्पादन नहीं होगा। सहयोग के आधार पर आर्थिक जोत का गठन और चरणबद्ध तरीके से खेती का सहकारीकरण करना ही वास्तविक समाधान है।</b></span></p><div><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b><br /></b></span></div><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Success of Cooperatives: </span></b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">Many people raise questions regarding cooperatives because in most countries the cooperative system has failed. On the basis of the examples to date, it is not appropriate to criticize the cooperative system. This is because most countries could not evolve the indispensable conditions necessary for the success of the cooperative system. Cooperatives depend upon three main factors for their success </span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">– morality, strong supervision and the wholehearted acceptance of the masses.</span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Wherever these three factors have been evident in whatever measure, cooperatives have achieved proportionate success.</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b>सहकारिता की सफलता:</b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b>बहुत से लोग सहकारी समितियों के बारे में सवाल उठाते हैं, क्योंकि ज्यादातर देशों में सहकारी प्रणाली विफल हो गई है। आज तक के उदाहरणों के आधार पर, सहकारी प्रणाली की आलोचना करना उचित नहीं है। ऐसा इसलिए क्योंकि अधिकांश देश सहकारी प्रणाली की सफलता के लिए आवश्यक अपरिहार्य शर्तों को विकशित नहीं कर सके। सहकारिता की सफलता तीन मुख्य कारकों पर निर्भर करती है - नैतिकता, कठोर निरीक्षण और जनता की संपूर्ण स्वीकृति। जहाँ भी ये तीनों कारक जितनी मात्रा में उपस्थित होंगे, सहकारी संस्थाएँ उस सीमा तक सफल होंगीं। </b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 22.5pt;"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 22.5pt;">As this kind of mentality was never created in India, India is a classic example of the failure of the cooperative system. Indian cooperatives were not created for economic development but for the fulfilment of political interests. Under such circumstances it was impossible for the cooperative system to succeed. </span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">The new laws fail to address the above issue, hence the problem will continue. </span><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Heavy dependency on Agriculture:</span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> More than 60% of the population is depending on this sector. Adapting the principles of balanced economy and starting of Agrico (pre harvest) and Agro (post-harvest) industries in villages, which create employment opportunities, is the sure way to reduce the dependence on agriculture sector. </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">The new laws do not address this major issue. The central government does not have the concept of balanced economy.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma;">चूंकि भारतवर्ष में इस तरह की मानसिकता कभी नहीं बनी, </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma;">भारतवर्ष</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma;"> सहकारी प्रणाली की विफलता का एक उत्कृष्ट उदाहरण है। भारतीय सहकारी संस्थाएँ आर्थिक विकाश के लिए नहीं, बल्कि क्षुद्र राजनीतिक हितों की पूर्ति के लिए बनाई गई थीं। ऐसी परिस्थितियों में सहकारी प्रणाली का सफल होना असंभव था।</span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma;">नए कानून उपरोक्त मुद्दे को संबोधित करने में विफल हैं, इसलिए समस्या जारी रहेगी।</span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma;">कृषि पर भारी निर्भरता:</span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma;">आज देश की 60 प्रतिशत से अधिक आबादी कृषि क्षेत्र पर निर्भर करती है। और गांवों में एग्रिको (पूर्व फसल) और एग्रो (फसल के बाद) के उद्योगों को शुरू करना, जो रोजगार के अवसर पैदा करते हैं, कृषि क्षेत्र पर इस निर्भरता को कम करने का सुनिश्चित तरीका यह है कि </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma;">संतुलित अर्थव्यवस्था के सिद्धांतों के आधार पर अग्रिको (कृषि हेतु) उद्योग तथा एग्रो (कृषि-आधारित) उद्योग गठित कर उनमें रोज़गार के अवसर पैदा किए जाएँ। </span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma;">ये नए कृषि कानून इस महत्वपूर्ण विषय पर कुछ नहीं कहते। केंद्र सरकार के पास संतुलित अर्थव्यवस्था की कोई अवधारणा नहीं है।</span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top: 1pt solid rgb(238, 238, 238); mso-add-space: auto; mso-border-top-alt: 0.7500pt solid rgb(238,238,238); mso-outline-level: 2; padding: 2pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">Perspectives on Water / Irrigation Development: </span></b><b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #686868; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Post-1980s, the groundwater-based irrigation took over with expansion of electricity and tube-well or bore well technologies. Meanwhile, groundwater extraction has surpassed the limits of its replenishment in several parts of the country, making private investments more and more insecure. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><a name="5..41"></a><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Solution lies in the principle that s</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">ubterranean water should not be disturbed; </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">otherwise the level of the water-table will drop, leading to an acute shortage of water. The best system is to collect surface water. The rainwater, even from light showers, should be collected where it falls. It is always better to conserve surface water”. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> Because these laws give free hand to corporate sector, </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">there is every possibility of over exploitation of underground water since the companies plan to maximise the profits in short time and they have no interest in the long run</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">; whereas for a farmer or a cooperative of farmers will have long range interest and hence they take up water conservation projects which yield results over long periods. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">जल / सिंचाई विकाश पर दृष्टिकोण:</span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> 1980 के दशक के बाद, </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">बिजली और ट्यूब-वेल या बोर वेल प्रौद्योगिकियों के विस्तार के साथ </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">भूजल आधारित सिंचाई ने भूमिका निभानी शुरू कर दी। इस बीच, देश के कई हिस्सों में </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">भूजल उपयोग की रफ़्तार उसके पुनः संचित होने की गति को पीछे छोड़ दिया </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;">है, जिससे इसमें निजी निवेश अधिक से अधिक असुरक्षित हो गया है।</span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> इसका समाधान इस सिद्धांत में निहित है कि भूमिगत जल को नहीं छेड़ा जाना चाहिए; अन्यथा जल का स्तर गिर जाएगा, जिससे पानी की भारी कमी हो जाएगी। सबसे अच्छी व्यवस्था है सतह के पानी को इकट्ठा करना। वर्षा जल, यहाँ तक कि हल्की वर्षा का जल भी, जहाँ गिरता है, उसे एकत्र किया जाना चाहिए। सतह के जल का संरक्षण करना हमेशा बेहतर होता है।</span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> चूँकि ये कानून कॉरपोरेट सेक्टर को पूरी स्वतंत्रता देते हैं, इसलिए भूमिगत जल के अत्याधिक दोहन की पूरी संभावना है क्योंकि कंपनियाँ कम समय में अधिक से अधिक मुनाफे की योजना बनाती हैं ; जबकि एक किसान या किसानों की सहकारी समिति दीर्घकालीन हित को ध्यान में रखते हुए जल संरक्षण परियोजनाओं को अपनाती हैं, जो लंबे समय तक परिणाम देते हैं।</span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">Impact of Globalization and Liberalization: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> Production and marketing of agriculture produce are no more protected activities. The Indian farmers unprepared and unsupported have to face tough competition from corporate farmers within the country and imports from other countries. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 57.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">- </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 57.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">- </span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Genetically Modified Crops: </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-left: 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> The farming community is facing threat of losing their independence of seed and farm technology because of pressure and allurement from MNCs to grow Genetically Modified crops. Farmer’s demand that no patents to be allowed on any seed/planting material-related technologies is justified.</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">New laws aggravate this problem by giving more scope to the greed of corporates and FDI in agriculture. </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #0c0c0c; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">Climate Change </span></b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 5pt; margin-top: 5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">Studies show that there has been a significant increase in the area, duration and intensity of monsoon droughts in India since the mid-1950s. Droughts are not just about reduced rainfall; higher temperatures also increase the incidence of droughts, and their intensity and impact. </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Agriculture, as practised now, also contributes to climate change due to massive emissions of greenhouse gases. Shifting rainfall patterns, increased temperatures and extreme climate events are changing some critical factors that have influence on farming, such as carbon dioxide levels and ozone concentration. These are in turn causing increased incidence of climate change at a large scale and localised sporadic disasters such as intensive rains, floods, drought, cloud bursts etc. </span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">All these are also causing unexpected changes in soil quality, crop growth, pest and disease, and even nutritional quality of the produce, making farm management a huge challenge and farming a highly risky affair for farmers.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top: 1pt solid rgb(238, 238, 238); mso-border-top-alt: 0.7500pt solid rgb(238,238,238); mso-outline-level: 2; padding: 2pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Liberation Serif'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Liberation Serif'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">This problem can be overcome by</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> adopting a farming system that is sensitive to the specific agro-ecology of the region and adopting methods that are best suited to that particular zone. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">This actually means applying ecological concepts and principles to optimize interactions between plants, animals, humans and the environment while taking into consideration the social aspects that need to be addressed for a sustainable and fair food system. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top: 1pt solid rgb(238, 238, 238); mso-border-top-alt: 0.7500pt solid rgb(238,238,238); mso-outline-level: 2; padding: 2pt 0pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> The three laws under reference or the existing laws do not address the issue of climate change.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><a name="5..42"></a><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Scarcity of capital and Mounting Debts: </span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Famers argue that the causes for the poverty and indebtedness are not farmers themselves,</span><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">but due to the Government policies towards agriculture like levy policy, price policy, credit policy, revenue policies etc., and the misery inflicted on farmers should be removed by the state itself. For this they demand all debt of farmers’ has to be written-off. In future the farmers should be ensured with scientific price so that they can never be in debt. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> The farmers' suicides in India, also known as the agrarian crisis, are the phenomenon of suicides among </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Indian</span></a><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India" title="Agriculture in India"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">farmers</span></a><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">from 1990 to the present. During the duration from 1998 to 2018, it has resulted in the suicides of more than 300,000 farmers in the country. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Many farmers do not have access to institutional finance. Many a time the apathetic attitude of the Bankers towards the village folks and the complexity of the formalities to be fulfilled, turns them to private lenders. The scale of finance followed while lending to agriculture sector is unscientific, irrational and inadequate forcing the farmers to approach private money lenders. To avoid the ignominy and insults they may have to face while availing loans many farmers, that too the small and marginal farmers use their hard earned savings for cultivation. All these category of farmers never get the benefit of loan waivers. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 19.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> The new law may prompt corporate farming to introduce capital in agriculture sector to get higher profits, but it is not going to benefit the crores of agriculturists who are in dire need of timely finance at reasonable rate of interest. </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Marketing, Storage, Transport: </span></b><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="p" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Central government says that agricultural</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> markets are over-strained by a web of outdated laws that were codified with a food scarcity mind set. The restrictions on ‘hoarding’ were a legacy of the food crisis of the 1950s. These are irrelevant now, barring a national food emergency. Removal of these would help traders and stockists, and may sometimes help crop prices from falling.</span><span style="color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">The government claims that dropping out agriculture commodities from the purview of the Essential Commodities Act will help achieve price stability and benefit consumers; it is expected to primarily help traders. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="p" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> The </span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Essential Commodities (Amendment) Ordinance, 2020</span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">, amends the existing act to remove all agricultural commodities from the list of essential commodities. The government assumes that “the freedom to produce, hold, move, distribute and supply will lead to harnessing of economies of scale and attract private sector/foreign direct investment into agriculture sector. It will help drive up investment in cold storages and modernisation of food supply chain.” </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="p" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">This law helps to legalise the hoarding activity which will force</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> the consumers – all citizens of this country –to face increased prices because of the greed of few.</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 5pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> The Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">, does not do away with the APMC (Agricultural Produce Market Committee) system, but restricts it to </span><a href="https://theprint.in/ilanomics/why-modi-govts-contract-farming-ordinance-is-a-win-win-for-farmers-buyers-even-traders/448757/"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">physical</span></a><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> space of the market, with transactions made outside of this area exempted from any taxes or fees associated with the APMC. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Through a barrier-free trade of farmers’ produce outside the markets notified under the various states agricultural produce market laws (state APMC Acts)”, this ordinance is “</span><a href="https://theprint.in/ilanomics/why-modi-govts-contract-farming-ordinance-is-a-win-win-for-farmers-buyers-even-traders/448757/"><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">another milestone</span></a><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> i</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">n the path of freeing up Indian farmers from the licence-permit raj”. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">It basically aims to create trading opportunities outside state-run Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee yards. The government said that “this is a historic-step [in] unlocking the vastly regulated agriculture markets in the country”. Farmers did not benefit from the Act earlier – now it is supposed to help them. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #111111; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #111111; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">Doing away with APMCs- </span></b><b><span style="color: #111111; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: 5pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> There is no doubt that APMC markets have been marred by several problems in different states such as lack of enough market yards, lack of facilities/amenities in the existing markets, the bureaucratic monopoly in existing APMC markets and aperiodic elections to the market committees, malpractices by traders such as non-issue of receipts, unwarranted deductions in the payments given to the farmers, etc. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">But the changes proposed in the law, especially the prospect of zero-tax trade outside the APMCs, could lead to the withering away of the eco-system of the APMC. It is like jumping from frying pan into fire. </span><span style="color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: 5pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> The presence of all these inefficiencies and issues, however, does not mean that APMC markets are inherently problematic. APMC markets have been an important medium for price discovery at the local level for the farmers. APMC markets are the last resort for millions of marginal and small farmers who would never be attractive to corporate buyers, individually or perhaps even collectively, through FPOs. </span><span style="color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: 5pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> This leads to a situation where local farmers do not find adequate demand for their produce at MSP in the local market. Since most farmers are small or marginal landowners, they do not have capacity to transport their produce to large distances, and hence, are forced to sell them at a lower price than the MSP in the local market itself. </span><span style="color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Situations in Bihar which did away with APMCs in 2006 and other states that never had APMCs point out that it has not stopped the exploitation of farmers; rather they are at the mercy of a private trader in a fragmented market. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> This law would help big business do direct deals with the farmers, but it will not help the farmers who have little bargaining power. This is evidenced by the experience of ‘on-line trading’ introduced during last decade. New law could end up demolishing the existing faulty structure without replacing it with anything better. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> Production, collection, procurement, processing, marketing and distribution of agricultural produce and essential goods done </span><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">exclusively through cooperatives </span></b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">(producers</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> and consumer cooperatives) are the solution to overcome this problem. </span><span style="color: red; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">The central government has not shown interest in this direction. </span><span style="color: red; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">2020- Contract Farming:</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> It unlikely, that individual farmers might find themselves equipped or powerful enough to negotiate with corporates or big-pocket sponsors to ensure a fair price for their produce. The act says that the quality parameters can be mutually decided by the two parties in the agreement. But the quality aspect will become crucial when a few corporates will try to usher in uniformity which might end up adversely impacting the already skewed agro-ecological diversity in the country. Experience of the farmers who entered into contract farming reveals that they are the losers in long run, when the company starts applying impractical quality standards and reject major share of the produce.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #111111; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Legal sanction to contract farming would help corporates enter the agriculture sector and could lead to disruption in this ongoing practice of oral contract farming. Though there is an elaborate dispute resolution mechanism, how would the small farmer with little bargaining power, access it when pitted against big companies? </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> With a view to get higher yields, the contractors use high doses of fertilizers and plenty of water, which in the long run will cause water logging and salinity making the land unfit for cultivation. Excess use of fungicides, pesticides and chemicals will not only pollute the environment but also build resistance in the insects and the like. Principles of organic and sustainable farming will find no place in contract farming.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Given the timing, the context and the overall balance of power in which these three ordinances have been enacted, these are likely to work for the traders, big agri-businesses and corporates and not for farmers, least of all small farmers. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="p" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="p" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><b><span style="color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Reasons for Opposition of these laws: </span></b><b><span style="color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="p" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> These laws are opposed not only by farmers, but also by those concerned with the wellbeing of the masses; main reasons are:</span><span style="color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="p" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #111111; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">Backdoor laws</span></b><span style="color: #282828; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> If the Central Government really wanted to bring about historic changes to agricultural laws for the benefit of the farmers, why did it need to evade public and parliamentary scrutiny? Though, there is nothing so urgent in any of these three laws that call for bypassing Parliament through an ordinance, why this unnecessary hurry? Why bring these changes through the back door, in dark hours of a national medical emergency, displacing the constitutionally mandated state governments? Do these laws have anything to do with the coronavirus or the lockdown?</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> These reforms will not help farmers’ to realise higher incomes; at best, this may be another example in</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">the long history of policies that work for agriculture but not for agriculturists, which is seen in the agricultural research activities. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Agri-imports are likely to increase in a liberalised atmosphere. If that happens, farmers will be short-changed due to competition from imports and an information asymmetry in the market. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Along with the above laws some of the states at the instance of the Central Government, have removed the existing restrictions on non-agriculturists to buy agriculture land. Now, anyone can buy agriculture land, which the states claim as a big step in increasing food production and better utilization of arable land. But, the farmers fear that the situation will turn worse; because, it is an opportunity for the moneyed people to buy land for construction of farm houses for enjoyment and for the real estate lobby to expand its tentacles. These sections have hardly any interest in farming or increasing the productivity of the land.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 4.2pt; margin-top: 5pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.35pt;">Who benefits?</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.35pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Despite the government’s claims, not one of these acts benefits farmers in any way. However, as the text in the ordinances note, they will help traders, especially big corporations. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Infringement of State Powers: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> While agriculture is a state subject, the Central government is involved in many aspects – from planning, fund allocation and implementations. These three acts on agricultural commerce cut through state government incomes; the power of states over agriculture will get diluted. Together, these acts are viewed as Centre’s plan targeted at usurping state powers, overriding state laws and market committees and weaken the Sates.</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Political Game:</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Similar bills were presented by UPA government during 2012 and BJP vehemently opposed the same on the ground that small farmers cannot face the free market system. BJP leaders quoted the situation prevailing in Europe, USA and other western countries, where billions of dollars are spared by those Governments towards rescuing the loss suffering farmers; since such steps are not possible in India, they opposed the bill. The same party does not hesitate now, to get the bills passed in parliament with the brute majority. Congress and other members of UPA, who supported the same idea in 2012, now oppose it. None of these political parties offer concrete solution to mitigate the problems of farming sector and the farmers. Innocent farmers fail to recognise this political game.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> SOLUTION </span></b><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">for </span></b><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">AGRARIAN CRISIS </span></b><b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">of INDIA</span></b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></b><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Numerous attempts and ways suggested so far to solve the agrarian crisis has revolved round the acceptance of individual ownership of the land which they consider as natural right and that</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> land should be owned by individual cultivators because they are deeply attached to their land. Actually in this matter we should give more importance to collective welfare than to the sentiments of the individual.</span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Peasants agitations throughout history have mainly focussed on the issues connected with cultivators, i.e. the land owners, share croppers, tenants etc. There are hardly any movement to address the problems of landless agricultural labourers except the movements demanding grant of land to them which is neither technically sound nor practically possible. </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> The modus operandi of exploiters has changed.</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">It is no more a physical and economic exploitation of the farming community; there are other aspects like cultural subjugation, language suppression etc., and newer methods of psycho-economic exploitation are forced upon the people including farmers. </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Three Phases of Farmer Agitations: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">Based on the situations and background of revolt by farmers, they can be classified into three broad categories or phases. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">First phase</span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> consists of agitations and revolts against the oppression of the rulers or their representatives like Jagirdars, Zamindars land lords etc., and the money lenders who snatched farm produce from the hands of growers in the name of taxes, levies, share, interest and the like.</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">Second phase</span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> is dominated by agitations to demand ownership of land by tenants, share croppers, regularization of encroachment in revenue and forest lands and clashes between the landless and the land holders. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">Third phase</span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> agitations are centring round farmers struggle for survival and fight against the </span><span style="color: #e36c09; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">government policies which are enemies in the guise of saviours. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">On the one hand farmers have to face the vagaries of environment and on the other side tough competition from corporate farmers. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Loan Waiver is not the Solution: </span></b><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Farmers are demanding loan waiver, political parties are vying with each other in announcing farm loan waiver. Some state governments have announced waiver of crop loans up to some limit per individual at different times and the beneficiaries were mostly the borrowers from cooperative sector. When the Central government announced waiver of agriculture loans in 2008, it was the borrowers of the Nationalised Banks who got the benefit. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> It is not correct to think that all the defaulting farmers are under loss and all those who have repaid the loans regularly are in profit and are well to do people. Prestige issue, moral conscience, cordial relationship with the Banker, necessity to avail additional loan and many other factors are responsible for prompt repayment. Loan waiver on a mass scale will benefit the defaulters only, irrespective of whether one is a wilful defaulter or could not repay because of crop failure, low prices etc. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Peasants avail short term crop loans, medium or long term loans for development of land, creating irrigation and other facilities, purchase of machinery, equipment etc. </span><span style="color: #984806; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Waiver of crop loan alone will not benefit those who have availed term loans. </span><span style="color: #984806; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Loan waiver is sure to demoralise those who repay promptly and force them to become dishonest in future. As a short term measure it is better to reschedule the repayment of default loans and advance interest free fresh loans to the needy as well as the prompt borrowers. There is a trend to avail agriculture loan when it is available at a cheaper rate of interest and invest it in business or deposit it for a higher rate of interest which needs to be checked. Waiver of loans to such people and to wilful defaulters cannot be justified. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><a name="4..32"></a><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><a name="4..33"></a>M S P</span></b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">is not the solution:</span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Cost of cultivation and yield vary according to agro-climatic conditions, availability of irrigation facility or dependence on rain, cost of labour, size of holding etc. Arriving at a common figure of cost of cultivation for the entire country is not rational. The government declares M S P for few crops only that too </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">in an unscientific, irrational way and trying to implement in a half-hearted way and through corrupt non-committal Government machinery will only aggravate the problem rather than solving it.</span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></b><b><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">SOLUTION FOR THE AGRARIAN CRISIS –</span></b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> <a name="4..5"></a></span><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><a name="4..10"></a>A</span></b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">New Approach:</span></b><b><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></b><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Agrarian crisis cannot be addressed in isolation, overlooking other aspects of economy</span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">. A comprehensive and holistic approach is necessary. There is an urgent need to </span><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">think beyond Capitalism</span></b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">in a different pragmatic way. </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Shrii Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, profounder of a new socio-economic theory – </span><b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">PROUT-</span></b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">acronym of Progressive Utilization Theory, opines that </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">until now the structural locus standii of agriculture has not been properly developed. In fact, all aspects of the structural side of agriculture have been neglected</span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">. </span></b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">To solve India’s agricultural problems, there must be a radical change in the entire agricultural system.</span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> PROUT</span></b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">suggests revolutionary ideas of agrarian reforms. Decentralized Economic System of PROUT includes the concept of</span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">balanced economy, block level planning, industrial status to agriculture, cooperative management of agriculture, phase wise socialization of land etc., </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Balanced Economy: </span></b><b><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> Shri P.R. Sarkar opines that the agricultural potentiality of the country must be developed by reducing the percentage of the population working in agriculture. Secondly, the excessively high percentage of the population dependent on agriculture must be reduced by developing industries. </span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">PROUT suggests that for a perfectly balanced economic environment, it is required that some</span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> thirty to forty percent </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">of the people should depend directly on </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">agriculture, </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">and about </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">ten to twenty percent on agro-industries </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">(post-harvest),</span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> ten to twenty percent on agrico-industries </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">(pre harvest), about </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">twenty percent on general industries, ten percent on general trade and commerce, and ten percent on intellectual or white collar jobs. </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Block Level Planning:</span></b><b><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">Planning should function on various levels such as the block, district, state, national and global levels, but </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">block-level planning should be the basic level of planning.</span><span style="color: #e36c09; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">Block-level planning is essential for economic decentralization, so it should be adopted in all blocks. There should be provision in the constitution for block-level planning for socio-economic development.</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><a name="12..17"></a><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">The amount of natural and human resources varies from block to block; hence separate economic plans will have to be made for each and every block. </span><span style="color: #e36c09; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">There should be a block-level planning board in every block </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">for this purpose. The block-level planning body will prepare a plan for the development of the block and accordingly implement the local developmental programmes. Above the block level there will be a district-level planning board. Thus, from the block level upwards, there will be planning boards to prepare and implement the local plans and programmes. It must be remembered that </span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">planning should be of ascending order, starting at the block level, and including all the levels of a socio-economic zone and the state.</span><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><a name="12..18"></a><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">Most blocks are currently demarcated on the basis of political considerations. PROUT does not support such divisions. Block divisions should be reorganized according to such factors as the physical features of the area (including river valleys, varying climatic conditions, topography, the nature of the soil, the type of flora and fauna, etc.), the socio-economic requirements and problems of the people, and their physico-psychic aspirations. Thus</span><b><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">, </span></b><span style="color: #e36c09; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">blocks should be scientifically and systematically demarcated</span><span style="color: #c00000; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">as the basis for efficient decentralized economic planning. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><a name="4..51"></a><b><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Industrial Status to Agriculture:</span></b><b><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Price of any industrial product is decided by the manufacturer, whereas the price of agriculture produce is decided by the middlemen or the traders. Neither the growers nor the consumers have opportunity to decide the price of an agriculture produce. Though the regulated markets and online trading are supposed to give better prices and opportunity for the growers, the system remains the same, that is the middlemen or the traders decide the price of agriculture commodity. This situation is not going to change with the entry of corporates and the opportunity to sell at farm gate. The grower, at best can only refuse to sell the produce at the quoted price, but due to the limited keeping period of agricultural produce or pressing economic needs he is forced to sell it on some other day, for the price quoted by traders, even if it is uneconomical. At no point of time the farmer gets an opportunity to quote the price based on the cost of production.</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> According to PROUT, </span><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">agriculture should be given the status of industry</span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">. This means, adopting the methods, standards and factors in deciding the price of an industrial product, while deciding the price of an agriculture produce. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Industrial status to Agriculture does not means tolerating inefficiency or giving doles to that sector. It means making agriculture sector more strong and competitive and put an end to exploitation and suffering of farming community including agriculture labourers. It also means improving the efficiency, reducing the cost of production, addressing disguised unemployment, introducing scientific cultivation methods, mechanization, healthy competition, Co-operation, creating economic holdings, etc. in agriculture sector. In addition following steps are necessary:</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><img height="16" src="file:///C:\Users\Ravi\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml5452\wps2.png" width="16" /> </span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Land Use Planning:</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> There should be land use planning from </span><b><i><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-style: italic; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Aqua Culture to Silviculture </span></i></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">in every watershed area. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><img height="16" src="file:///C:\Users\Ravi\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml5452\wps3.png" width="16" /> </span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Crop Planning</span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">:</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">In the present setup each farmer guesses the demand for a particular crop and takes up cultivation. Many a time the supply exceeds demand and the prices crash, making farmers to suffer. To overcome this problem, </span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">it is necessary to assess the demand at micro and macro level and plan the cropping pattern in advance</span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><img height="16" src="file:///C:\Users\Ravi\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml5452\wps4.png" width="16" /> </span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Co-operation in cultivation</span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">:</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Implementing a land use plan requires co-operation among the farmers in that area. Phase wise cooperative farming needs to be adapted.</span><i><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></i><b><i><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-style: italic; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-style: italic; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><i><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-style: italic; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></i></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">In the cooperative agricultural system, modern equipment must be utilized because such modernization will facilitate increased production. <a name="4..49"></a>If modern equipment is used in agriculture, </span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">agriculture will not remain labour intensive</span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> and people can be utilized in other activities to enhance the development of the country. If fewer people work in agricultural cooperatives, there will be substantial savings. Simultaneously, women and children will be freed from related work so they will get scope to develop themselves. In addition, increased mechanization will link the villages to the cities and towns, and as a result the standard of living in the villagers will be increased. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-top: 15pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">Solving Unemployment:</span></b><b><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><a name="4..58"></a><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> For the development of agriculture there is also a need for agricultural specialists and technicians. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">S</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">o cooperatives will have to train unskilled rural people so that they can acquire the necessary skills to develop the agricultural sector.</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> Producer’s cooperatives should employ such skilled labour. Thus, educated people will not remain unemployed, and they will not leave the villages for the cities. This will ensure rapid agricultural development. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 1.9pt; margin-top: 2.9pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> In addition, all types of agro-industries and agrico-industries will have to be developed according to the needs and resources the local area, and these industries should be managed as cooperatives. <a name="4..2"></a><a name="4..21"></a><a name="4..34"></a><a name="4..37"></a><a name="4..28"></a><a name="4..42"></a><a name="4..1"></a><a name="4..14"></a><a name="4..46"></a><a name="4..47"></a> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><a name="4..59"></a><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Mitigating disguised unemployment:</span></b><b><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> In villages the farmer and his/her family people are entirely dependent on agriculture. At times, the farmer will have to work for a few hours only and has to remain idle for rest of the day. They remain unemployed during intermittent periods and also after harvest of one crop till the sowing season of another crop. In the absence of alternate employment opportunities in villages and because of small holdings and inevitable circumstances the farming community faces </span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;">disguised unemployment</span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> When cultivation is taken up with proper </span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">land use planning</span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> on a co-operative basis, it is possible to generate full employment potentiality to the dependent land holders and landless labourers. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Starting of </span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Agro </span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">(post-harvest) and</span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> Agrico</span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> (pre-harvest) industries in rural areas is the solution not only to mitigate the problem of disguised unemployment but also to increase the income of villagers. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Security for land less labourers:</span></b><b><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> PROUT system recognises land less agriculture labourers on par with land holders. They will also be members of cultivator’s co-operatives, which enables them full employment and also for dividends on their share. </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> If agricultural labourers only raise slogans of agricultural reform and assault and kill the landowners, they will not change the agricultural system. It is only possible to consolidate the economy through a constructive approach.</span><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"> This is for the first time that a viable, permanent solution is given to address the problems of landless agricultural labourers by PROUT. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"> </span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><a name="4..4"></a><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">Agrarian crisis cannot be solved in isolation. We need to think beyond capitalism with holistic approach and adopt cooperative model of economic development i.e. Decentralized Economic System of PROUT.</span></b><b><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-spacerun: 'yes';"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> </p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><br /></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #00b050; font-family: Tahoma;"><b> </b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.7500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.7500pt solid windowtext; padding: 1pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: #943734; font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-spacerun: 'yes';">By – Ganesh Bhat </span><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #0070c0;"> </span></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: 0.7500pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: 0.7500pt solid windowtext; padding: 1pt 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #0070c0;">National Training Secretary, PBI</span></span></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-4071321012190706572019-05-01T02:16:00.001-07:002019-05-01T02:28:33.686-07:00Dolakar Bhoi, Odisha Assembly Elections-2019<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-50829377786402057892019-05-01T02:09:00.000-07:002019-05-01T02:28:52.299-07:00Odisha Assembly Election 2019 <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-64525592107622107792019-05-01T02:08:00.000-07:002019-05-01T02:08:53.044-07:00Tilottama Seti, Odisha, Loksabha Election-2019 <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-8646571265822295922019-05-01T02:07:00.000-07:002019-05-01T02:07:38.989-07:00Kedarnath Sahu, Odisha Assembly Elections-2019 <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-61538360255091511852018-02-01T06:16:00.000-08:002018-02-01T06:47:03.667-08:00प्रउत कैसे आएगा ?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><i>पाप और दुःख मुक्त समाज के निर्माण के लिए</i></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रउत कैसे आएगा </span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">?</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">आचार्य संतोषानंद अवधूत</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रागैतिहासिक काल से ही मनुष्य सुखी और शांतिपूर्ण जीवन जीने की
प्रबल इच्छा से प्रेरित रहा है। उसकी इस इच्छा ने ही विज्ञान और तकनीक को जन्म
दिया। मनुष्य जहाँ</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">भौतिक जगत में अधिक सुखी और खुशहाल बनने के
लिए सक्रिय है</span>, <span lang="HI">वहीं मानसिक जगत में भी उसने अनेकों
सिद्धांतों और दर्शनों को विकसित</span> <span lang="HI">किया है</span> <span lang="HI">ताकि उसका उसका जीवन और अस्तित्व बेहतर हो सके।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">लेकिन इतने प्रयासों के बावजूद ज्यादातर मनुष्य आज भी पृथ्वी पर</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">अवर्णनीय
कष्ट भोग रहे हैं। सभी नर-नारियों के जीवन को तनाव और क्लेश मुक्त करने के लिए कई
उपाय सुझाए गए हैं</span>, <span lang="HI">परन्तु मानव समाज अभी तक इस स्वप्न को
साकार नहीं कर पाया है।अधिक से अधिक सुख की तलाश ने आध्यात्मिक प्रयासों के अलावा
कई समाजार्थिक सिद्धांतों को भी विकसित किया</span>, <span lang="HI">जिन्होंने पूँजीवाद</span>,
<span lang="HI">मार्क्सवाद तथा अन्य मतों को जन्म दिया। इस उद्देश्य की पूर्ति के
लिए</span> <span lang="HI">कई क्रांतिकारियों ने जन्म लिया और कई क्रांतिकारी
घटनाएँ घटीं</span>, <span lang="HI">जैसे अनेकों स्वतंत्रता संग्राम</span>, <span lang="HI">पुनर्जागरण</span>, <span lang="HI">फ़्रांसिसी क्रांति</span> <span lang="HI">और साम्यवादी क्रांतियाँ। इसके अलावा भेदभाव</span>, <span lang="HI">विषमता
और अन्याय को ख़त्म करने के लिए कई और छोटे-बड़े आंदोलन हुए हैं</span>, <span lang="HI">लेकिन मंजिल अभी भी नजरों से दूर है।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">नैतिकतावादी
समाज की स्थापना</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">इस वैचारिक विकास का चरमोत्कर्ष है:</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <i><span lang="HI">प्रगतिशील उपयोग तत्त्व</span></i>, <span lang="HI">संक्षिप्त में</span> <b><span lang="HI">प्रउत</span></b><span lang="HI">।</span> <span lang="HI">यह समाजार्थिक
सिद्धांत है जिसे श्री प्रभात रंजन सरकार (श्री श्री आनंदमूर्ति) ने </span>1959 <span lang="HI">प्रतिपादित किया। श्री सरकार ने समझाया कि कैसे प्रउत एक शोषण-मुक्त समाज
की स्थापना कर सकता है। उन्होंने मानवता के सम्मुख उपस्थित कई</span> <span lang="HI">सामाजिक</span>, <span lang="HI">आर्थिक</span>, <span lang="HI">राजनैतिक</span>,
<span lang="HI">सांस्कृतिक</span>, <span lang="HI">शैक्षणिक तथा नैतिक मुद्दों पर
अपने विचार व्यक्त किये हैं।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">उन्होंने एक नैतिक एवं</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">विप्लवी</span> <span lang="HI">समाज (सद्विप्र)</span> <span lang="HI">की भी कल्पना की है</span>, <span lang="HI">जिसका उद्देश्य है:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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नैतिकवानों का शासन</span><span style="font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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अर्थव्यवस्था</span><span style="font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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के लिए रोज़गार</span><span style="font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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नैतिक</span><span style="font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,<span lang="HI">सांस्कृतिक और मानवीय मूल्यों की स्थापना</span>, <span lang="HI">अर्थात
जाति</span>, <span lang="HI">संप्रदाय</span>, <span lang="HI">लिंग</span>, <span lang="HI">भाषा आदि पर कोई भेदभाव न हो।</span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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और सामाजिक</span><span style="font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">समूहों के बीच समानता पर</span> <span lang="HI">आधारित सहयोग।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
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ऐसी</span><span style="font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">स्वायत्त
व्यवस्था की स्थापना जो उक्त विप्लवी नैतिक समाज में उभरने वाले किसी भी तरह
के सामाजिक संकट से निपट सके।</span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">क्या इन उद्देश्यों को प्राप्ति कभी हो पाएगी या ये मात्र एक सपना
भर रह जायेगें </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">?
<span lang="HI">प्रश्न उठता है कि इन उद्देश्यों की प्राप्ति कैसे हो सकती है </span>?
<span lang="HI">मैं इस लेख को इस दृढ़ विश्वास के साथ लिख रहा हूँ कि प्रउत उन सभी
चिरकालीन दुविधाओं</span>, <span lang="HI">चुनौतियों और पहेलियों</span> <span lang="HI">को सुलझा सकता है जिन्हे हल करने मे मनुष्य अभी तक असफल रहा है। परन्तु इस
लेख का उद्देश्य है इस प्रश्न का उत्तर ढूँढना है</span> <span lang="HI">कि
प्रउत को कैसे लागू किया जा सकता है।</span> <span lang="HI">संक्षेप में कहें
तो श्री सरकार ने दो पहलुओं की बात की है :</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="HI" style="font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">व्यक्ति
के नैतिक चरित्र की पवित्रता</span><span style="font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
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रहित</span><span style="font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">सुगठित सामाजिक व्यवस्था</span> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">श्री सरकार ने हमेशा इस बात पर बल दिया कि सिर्फ मानसिक रूप से सबल
और दोषरहित नैतिक चरित्र के लोगों को ही समाजार्थिक प्रबंधन और राजनैतिक
शासन की जिम्मेदारी सौंपी जानी चाहिए। ऐसे नीतिवादी ही शोषण रहित समाज की स्थापना
कर सकते हैं। इसलिए</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">यह बात स्पष्ट है कि नीतिवादी लोग ही प्रउत को
अमल में ला सकते हैं। नीतिवादी कौन हैं </span>? <span lang="HI">नैतिक वह है
:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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कथनी</span><span style="font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">करनी और विचारों मे समानता</span> <span lang="HI">हैं.</span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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अनुकूल या</span><span style="font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">प्रतिकूल परिस्थितियों में अपने आदर्शगत कर्तव्यों का निर्वाह करता
है।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
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अपने</span><span style="font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">लक्ष्य का कभी त्याग</span> <span lang="HI">नहीं करते।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">जो जिस सीमा तक उपरोक्त सिद्धांतों पर आधारित नैतिकता में स्थापित
होगा</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,
<span lang="HI">वह उतना ही प्रउत की स्थापना के लक्ष्य के नजदीक होगा।</span> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1959 <span lang="HI">से
अभी तक</span>, <span lang="HI">विभिन्न वजहों से प्रउतवादी दुनिया में कहीं भी
वर्तमान समाज पर अपना प्रभाव नहीं छोड़ पाएं हैं। इसमें कोई शक नहीं है कि विभिन्न
कार्यकर्मों</span>, <span lang="HI">विचारगोष्ठियों</span>, <span lang="HI">किताबों
आदि के माध्यम से प्रउत के विचारों का कुछ हद तक प्रचार हुआ है</span>, <span lang="HI">और कई विशिष्ट हस्तियों ने दुनियाभर इसकी प्रशंसा की है। परन्तु अभी
तक बुद्धिजीवियों या महत्वपूर्ण संगठनों या किसी किसी देश की</span> <span lang="HI">सरकार ने प्रउत को गंभीरतापूर्वक नहीं लिया है। इस वजह से प्रउत
कहीं भी</span> <span lang="HI">समाज की मुख्य धारा का हिस्सा नहीं बन पाया है।
तब प्रश्न उठता है कि</span> <span lang="HI">कैसे</span> <span lang="HI">प्रउत
को</span> <span lang="HI">समाज में प्रभावशाली बना कर एक न्यायोचित समाजार्थिक
और राजनैतिक व्यवस्था की स्थापना की जाए </span>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">श्री सरकार का आह्वान</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">कुछ लोग कह सकते हैं कि जब परमात्मा चाहेंगे प्रउत की स्थापना
स्वतः हो जायेगी। चूँकि कोई भी परमात्मा की इच्छा का विरोध नहीं कर सकता</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">इसलिए
परमात्मा की इच्छा मात्र से प्रउत की स्थापना ही जायेगी ... इसलिए इस बारे में
हमें चिंता नहीं करनी चाहिए</span>, <span lang="HI">और लोगों के बीच</span> <span lang="HI">सिर्फ</span> <span lang="HI">प्रउत की चर्चा और</span> <span lang="HI">उस पर भाषण करते रहना चाहिए। लेकिन इस तरह की सोच श्री सरकार के विचारों
और कार्यों के</span> <span lang="HI">बिलकुल विपरीत है। उन्होंने अनेकों
बार कहा है कि वे समाज में अविलम्ब एक बड़ा परिवर्तन</span> <span lang="HI">देखना
चाहते हैं। हमने अभी तक उनकी इस उत्कट अभिलाषा को पूरा नहीं किया है।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI">अपनी पुस्तकों के माध्यम से दिए अपने अने.कों संदेशों में वे हमें
बार-बार मानवता की रक्षा करने और उसका दुःख दूर करने के लिए तुरंत कदम उठाने के
लिए कहते हैं। अभी तक उनके ये शब्द हमारे अंदर आध्यात्मिक नीतिवादियों की सरकार
स्थापित करने के लिए कोई विप्लवी उत्साह पैदा करने में असफल रहे हैं। बल्कि
उपरोक्त अंधविश्वासी नज़रिये ने प्रउतवादियों में मौजूद विप्लवी आग को बुझा दिया
है।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">आइए नैतिकों को दिए श्री सरकार के कुछ आत्मा को
झंकृत कर देने वाले संदेशों को याद करें :</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">" <b><span lang="HI">दुनिया में</span></b>, <b><span lang="HI">पूरे ब्रह्माण्ड में</span></b>,
<b><span lang="HI">हवा हमारे पक्ष में बह रही
है। मानवता के</span></b> <b><span lang="HI">वर्तमान और भविष्य के लिए कुछ करने का यह सबसे सही समय है। समय के इस
नाजुक घड़ी में एक क्षण सौ वर्षों के बराबर है। इस परिस्थिति का -- इस अवस्था का
उपयोग कर लो। अपने कर्तव्य को और अधिक उत्साह के साथ करो। अपनी गति को बढ़ाओ। इसमें
और अधिक गति होनी चाहिए...</span></b> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">"<b><span lang="HI">दुनिया तेजी से चल रही है</span></b>,
<b><span lang="HI">पूरा ब्रह्माण्ड तेज गति से
चल रहा है</span></b>, <b><span lang="HI">और
मानस जगत भी तेज गति से चल रहा है। हाल ही में इस गति को बहुत बढ़ाया गया है।
तुम्हे यह बात</span></b> <b><span lang="HI">समझनी होगी</span></b>, <b><span lang="HI">और कर्तव्यपालन की</span></b> <b><span lang="HI">गति को भी बढ़ाना होगा। इस बदली हुई गति के साथ तुम्हे उचित</span></b> <b><span lang="HI">संतुलन बना कर चलना होगा। सभी
ओर मानव मन पर युक्ति और विवेक का प्रभाव होगा। मानवता इस ब्रह्माण्ड पर शासन
करेगी। "</span></b> (Move With Ever-Accelerating Speed)</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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"<b><span lang="HI">परम पुरुष ने तुम्हे
काम करने के हाथ और चलने के लिए पांव दिए हैं</span></b>; <b><span lang="HI">काम करने के लिए शक्ति दी है</span></b>; <b><span lang="HI">व्यवहारिक बुद्धि दी है</span></b>,
<b><span lang="HI">ताकि तुम राक्षशों के खिलाफ
लड़ने में उनका उत्तम उपयोग कर सको। तुम्हे भाग्य के भरोसे निष्क्रिय नहीं बैठना
चाहिए। पूरी ताकत से काम में लगे रहो।" (आनंद वाणी</span></b>, 1 <b><span lang="HI">जनवरी </span></b>1977)</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">" <b><span lang="HI">जिस तरह रात के घने अँधेरे के
बाद सुबह का आना अटल है</span></b>, <b><span lang="HI">उसी तरह उपेक्षित मानवता के</span></b> <b><span lang="HI">अनंत तिरस्कार और अपमान के बाद एक सुन्दर</span></b> <b><span lang="HI">उज्जवल अध्याय भी आएगा</span></b>,
<b><span lang="HI">मैं</span></b> <b><span lang="HI">यह बात जानता हूँ।</span></b> </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">"<b><span lang="HI">जो मानवता से प्यार</span></b> <b><span lang="HI">करते हैं और जो सभी जीवों का
भला चाहते हैं उन्हें आलस्य और निष्क्रियता का त्याग कर इसी क्षण से सक्रिय हो
जाना चाहिए</span></b>, <b><span lang="HI">ताकि
वह शुभ घड़ी जल्द से जल्द आ जाए।" (आनंद वाणी</span></b>, 1 <b><span lang="HI">जनवरी </span></b>1977)</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">" <b><span lang="HI">पृथ्वी पर हज़ारों साल पहले अपने आगमन के बावजूद भी मनुष्य
एक सुगठित और सार्वभौमिक मानव समाज की स्थापना नहीं कर पाया है। यह किसी भी तरह से
मनुष्य की बुद्धि और ज्ञान की महिमा का सूचक नहीं है। तुमने इस</span></b> <b><span lang="HI">संकट को समझा है</span></b>, <b><span lang="HI">इसकी अविलम्ब ज़रूरत को समझा है</span></b>,
<b><span lang="HI">पाप के नग्न नृत्य को देखा
है और फूट डालने वाली शक्तियों की कपटी और कर्कश अट्टाहास को सुना है</span></b>, <b><span lang="HI">इसलिए तुम्हे बिना देर किये इस
पुनीत कार्य में खुद को झोंक पूरी तरह से झोंक देना चाहिए। जब उद्देश्य शुद्ध और
महान हो</span></b>, <b><span lang="HI">तो
सफलता निश्चित होती है।" (आनंद वाणी</span></b>, 1 <b><span lang="HI">जनवरी </span></b>1975)</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">श्री सरकार के ये</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">सन्देश इस बात की ओर साफ़ इशारा करते हैं कि वे
चाहते हैं कि हम प्रउत को जल्द से जल्द वास्तविकता में बदल दें। इतना</span> <span lang="HI">ही नहीं</span>, <span lang="HI">अगर इस उद्देश्य की प्राप्ति के लिए हम</span> <span lang="HI">पूरी तरह से जुट जाएँ तो वे</span> <span lang="HI">हमें सफलता की गारंटी
भी देते हैं।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">दो आंदोलन</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रउत के उद्देश्य की प्राप्ति के लिए दो आंदोलनों की आवश्यकता है:
पहला</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">एक
समाजार्थिक एवं सांस्कृतिक आंदोलन और दूसरा</span>, <span lang="HI">एक राजनैतिक
आंदोलन। समाजार्थिक आंदोलन की अगुवाई करने के लिए श्री सरकार ने समाजार्थिक समूहों</span>,
<span lang="HI">जिन्हे वे </span>'<span lang="HI">समाज</span>' <span lang="HI">कहते
हैं</span>, <span lang="HI">के विचार का प्रतिपादन किया है</span>, <span lang="HI">जैसे
मालवा समाज</span>, <span lang="HI">असि पंजाबी समाज</span>, <span lang="HI">हड़ौती
समाज आदि। समान आर्थिक समस्यायें</span>, <span lang="HI">समान आर्थिक सम्भावनाएँ</span>,
<span lang="HI">विशिष्ट सांस्कृतिक समानताएं</span>, <span lang="HI">भावनात्मक
विरासत</span>, <span lang="HI">और समान भौगौलिक विशेषताओं जैसे</span> <span lang="HI">कुछ आवश्यक कारकों पर आधारित</span> <span lang="HI">इन समाजों
के माध्यम से वे चाहते हैं कि हम क्षेत्र विशेष के साथ</span> <span lang="HI">भावनात्मक
रूप से जुड़े। इन समाजार्थिक ईकाइयों के जरिये श्री सरकार एक शोषण विरोधी</span> <span lang="HI">समाजार्थिक और सांस्कृतिक आंदोलन को जन्म देना चाहते हैं।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रउत आम लोगों को अर्थशक्ति देने की वकालत करता है। प्रउत का उद्देश्य
है</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">हर
किसी को आर्थिक रूप से आत्मनिर्भर बनाना।</span> <span lang="HI">प्रउत के
सिद्धांत और नीतियों के अनुसार</span>, <span lang="HI">स्थानीय लोगों को
अपने</span> <span lang="HI">क्षेत्र के लिए</span> <span lang="HI">योजना
बनाने</span> <span lang="HI">और उसके</span> <span lang="HI">आर्थिक विकास
में संलग्न किया जाना चाहिए। इसका कारण है कि स्थानीय लोग अपनी आवश्यकताओं और
आकांक्षाओं</span> <span lang="HI">को बेहतर जानते हैं। आत्मनिर्भरता प्राप्त
करने के लिए उन्हें अपने क्षेत्र की आर्थिक गतिविधियों में सीधे हिस्सा लेना होगा।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI">पतनोन्मुख अपसंस्कृति के खिलाफ संघर्ष व्यक्ति में शोषण के खिलाफ
लड़ने की भावना पैदा करता है। सांस्कृतिक और भावनात्मक विरासत की रक्षा करना महत्वपूर्ण
है क्योंकि या यह लोगों को एक मंच पर इकठ्ठा करता है और उन्हें अनैतिक कुशासन के
खिलाफ मजबूती से</span> <span lang="HI">संघर्ष करने के लिए सक्षम बनाता है।
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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'<span lang="HI">समाज </span>' <span lang="HI">की अवधारणा एक अखंड समाज की स्थापना
के उद्देश्य से दी गई है। इसीलिए श्री सरकार ने </span>'<span lang="HI">समाज</span>'
<span lang="HI">नाम रखा</span>, <span lang="HI">अर्थात </span>'<span lang="HI">एकताबद्ध
होकर साथ चलने वाले लोगों का समूह</span>' <span lang="HI">।</span> <span lang="HI">इस समाज को चलाने के लिए सद्विप्र राज की आवश्यकता है</span>, <span lang="HI">अर्थात</span> <span lang="HI">नीतिवादियों की सरकार। इसलिए प्रउत ने</span> <span lang="HI">एक दूसरे आंदोलन</span>, <span lang="HI">जो एक</span> <span lang="HI">राजनैतिक
आंदोलन है</span>, <span lang="HI">का विचार दिया है।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">धीमा क्रमिक विकास नहीं</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">बल्कि</span> <span lang="HI">विप्लव</span> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">दूसरा आंदोलन पूरी तरह से राजनैतिक है।</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI">अपनी पुस्तक </span>'<span lang="HI">आनंद सूत्रम्</span>' <span lang="HI">के अंतिम अध्याय में श्री सरकार बताते हैं कि कैसे विभिन्न समय पर विभिन्न
स्थानों पर एक विशेष मानसिकता वाले लोगों का शासन रहता है</span>, <span lang="HI">और
कैसे कालक्रम में वह शासन शोषण</span>, <span lang="HI">भेदभाव और हर प्रकार की
विकृति को जो जन्म देता है। ऐसी स्थिति में नैतिक शक्तियों को इस शोषण को समाप्त
कर लोगो की रक्षा करनी पड़ती है। शोषक शासन व्यवस्था को उखाड़ फेंकने के लिए वे या
तो क्रमिक विकास का रास्ता अपनाते हैं या फिर विप्लव का। इसलिए कहने की आवश्यकता
नहीं कि प्रउतवादी आंदोलन तभी सफल हो सकता है जब उसका नेतृत्व नैतिकों के हाथों
में होगा।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI">यहाँ यह बता देना उचित होगा कि श्री सरकार क्रमिक विकास को</span> <span lang="HI">नहीं बल्कि विप्लव को</span> <span lang="HI">पसंद करते हैं। इसी
उद्देश्य से उन्होंने न्यूक्लिअर रेवोलुशन (नाभकीय विप्लव) के बारे में विस्तार से
लिखा है। वे कहते हैं:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">"<span lang="HI">बौद्धिक क्रांति का मतलब है आदर्श का प्रचार
करना</span>, <span lang="HI">लेकिन इस तरह आदर्श को वास्तविकता में बदलने में बहुत
समय</span> <span lang="HI">लग जाएगा। पीड़ित मानवता इसके लिए इंतज़ार नहीं
करेगी। बौद्धिक क्रांति सिर्फ सिद्धांत में संभव है।</span> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">जब लोगों के एक छोटे या बड़े</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">समूह की आशाएं और आकांक्षाएं
लोकतान्त्रिक ढांचे में</span> <span lang="HI">पूरी नहीं होतीं</span>, <span lang="HI">तो एक गैर-लोकतान्त्रिक या रक्तरंजित क्रांति का होना निश्चित होता है।
ऐसी क्रांति हालाँकि</span> <span lang="HI">अप्रिय है</span>, <span lang="HI">परन्तु
उसे टाला नहीं जा सकता।</span> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">भौतिक विप्लव का मतलब है जन कल्याण के खिलाफ जाने वाले सभी
तत्त्वों के खिलाफ संघर्ष। प्रउतवादी सभी प्रकार की अलगाववादी प्रवृतियों और
सामाजिक बुराइयों के खिलाफ विप्लव के</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">एक नए युग का शुभारम्भ
करेंगें। यदि देश का</span> <span lang="HI">कानून इतना शक्तिशाली नहीं है कि</span> <span lang="HI">अनैतिकों के व्यवहार को सुधार सके</span>, <span lang="HI">तो प्रउतवादी कुछ
ठोस करेगें।" (डिस्कोर्सेस ऑन</span> <span lang="HI">प्राउट)</span></span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <b><br />
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
"<span lang="HI">जो देश अपने उपनिवेशों का शोषण करते थे</span>, <span lang="HI">वे</span> <span lang="HI">लोकतान्त्रिक ढांचे के भीतर अपने लोगों का
कल्याण करने का</span> <span lang="HI">प्रयास करते थे</span>, <span lang="HI">लेकिन
यदि वे</span> <span lang="HI">लोकतान्त्रिक ढांचे के बाहर रह कर तथा</span> <span lang="HI">श्रमिक विप्लव का रास्ता अपना कर</span> <span lang="HI">सामाजिक
कल्याण में योगदान देते</span>, <span lang="HI">तो वे ज्यादा तेजी से प्रगति करते।
दरअसल लोकतान्त्रिक ढांचे में लोगों की प्रगति बहुत धीमी होती है। इसे विप्लव नहीं
कहा जा सकता</span>; <span lang="HI">यह </span>'<span lang="HI">ईवोलूशन</span>' <span lang="HI">अर्थात क्रमिक बदलाव है।</span> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">यदि अविकसित देश विप्लव के रास्ते</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">से
दूर रहते हैं और धीमे बदलाव की राह अपनाते हैं</span>, <span lang="HI">या जानबूझ कर
लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवाद तथा कल्याणकारी राज्य की अवधारणाओं</span> <span lang="HI">के दोषों को नजरअंदाज करते हैं</span>, <span lang="HI">तो अपने</span> <span lang="HI">लोगों का कल्याण करना उनके लिए</span> <span lang="HI">हवाई किले बनाने
के समान होगा। " (शूद्र विप्लव और सद्विप्र समाज)</span></span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">"<span lang="HI">एक युग से दूसरे युग में परिवर्तन प्राकृतिक
परिवर्तन</span>, <span lang="HI">क्रमिक परिवर्तन या विप्लव के जरिये हो सकता है।
प्राकृतिक बदलाव या क्रमिक बदलाव क्षत्रिय युग से विप्र युग और विप्र युग से वैश्य
युग में परिवर्तन कर सकता है</span>, <span lang="HI">लेकिन वैश्य शोषण को समाप्त
करने के</span> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <b><span lang="HI">लिए अत्यधिक शक्ति लगाने की नितांत</span> <span lang="HI">आवश्यकता है।" (न्यूक्लिअर रेवोलुशन)</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
"<span lang="HI">जो साहसपूर्वक इस सच्चाई को</span> <span lang="HI">स्पष्ट
भाषा में कहते हैं --जो कहते हैं</span>, "<span lang="HI">इस बंधन को तोड़
दो!" -- उनका मार्ग</span> <span lang="HI">विप्लव का मार्ग</span> <span lang="HI">है। और जो कहते हैं</span>, " <span lang="HI">सबकुछ</span> <span lang="HI">धीरे-धीरे किया जाएगा... इतनी जल्दी क्यों </span>?" -- <span lang="HI">उनका रास्ता है क्रमिक परिवर्तन का रास्ता। वे कभी कोई महान काम
पूरा नहीं कर सकते।" ( शोषण और अपसंस्कृति)</span> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">नैतिकों की सरकार</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">जब सत्ता नैतिकों के
हाथों में आ जाएगी</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">तो वे</span> <span lang="HI">संवैधानिक
प्रावधानों के आधार पर विभिन्न समाजों की स्थापना करेगें</span>, <span lang="HI">और
उनके विकास के लिए प्रक्रिया बनायेगें। कानूनी समर्थन के बिना किसी भी समाज के
लोगों के आर्थिक विकास के लिए सही मायने में</span> <span lang="HI">योजना नहीं
बन सकती। इसलिए इस लेख का बल इस बात पर है कि कैसे</span> <span lang="HI">अनैतिकों
के हाथ से सत्ता छीन कर प्रउतवादियों का शासन स्थापित किया जाए।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">श्री प्रभात रंजन सरकार के लिए नेतृत्व सबसे महत्वपूर्ण विषय है।
नेता ही किसी ख़राब या अच्छी व्यवस्था को स्थापित करता है। अगर नैतिक विप्लवी
आंदोलन का नेतृत्व करते हैं तो सही अर्थ में</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">एक मानवीय सामाजिक व्यवस्था
की स्थापना होगी। इसलिए अनैतिकों से सत्ता छीनने के लिए प्रउतवादियों को कठोर
नैतिकतावादी होना होगा। तभी एक सच्ची प्रउतवादी सरकार अस्तित्व में आएगी। स्वार्थी
नेता कभी भी निस्वार्थ रूप से काम नहीं कर सकते और इसलिए वे हमेशा अपने ही सुख और
भलाई से मतलब रखते हैं। वे कभी भी नैतिकों और प्रउतवादियों को कभी सत्ता में आने
नहीं देंगें।</span> <span lang="HI">यही कारण है कि प्रउतवादियों पर
दशकों तक हुए अत्याचार के बावजूद</span>, <span lang="HI">किसी भी जाने-माने सामाजिक</span>,
<span lang="HI">राजनैतिक या व्यावसायिक नेता ने खुलकर प्रउतवादियों का समर्थन नहीं
किया है। पचास से अधिक लोग अभी तक मारे जा चुके हैं और कई खूनी घटनाएँ घट चुकी हैं</span>,
<span lang="HI">लेकिन अभी तक किसी भी विख्यात</span> <span lang="HI">व्यक्ति ने
इसके ऊपर गंभीरता से विचार करने का कष्ट</span> <span lang="HI">नहीं किया है।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">इतिहास इस बात का गवाह है कि क्रांतिकारी आंदोलनों ने पहले
राजनैतिक सत्ता पर कब्ज़ा किया है और फिर उस व्यवस्था को लागू करने का प्रयास किया
है जिसके लिए वे संघर्ष कर रहे थे। इसलिए</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">कि कोई भी व्यवस्था या प्रणाली
या सिद्धांत तब तक</span> <span lang="HI">लागू नहीं होगा जब तक कि उसका समर्थन
करने वाली</span> <span lang="HI">सरकार सत्ता में आकर उसके क्रियान्वयन
के लिए उचित व्यवस्था नहीं करती। अतः प्रउतवादियों की सरकार प्रउत के
प्रचार-प्रसार और उसकी</span> <span lang="HI">स्थापना के लिए परमावश्यक है।
विरोधी सरकार के शासन में रहते हुए प्रउत को लागू नहीं किया जा सकता</span>; <span lang="HI">इसके लिए प्रउत-अनुकूल सरकार का होना अनिवार्य है। पूंजीपतियों के पैसों
पर पलने वाली और अपने अस्तित्व के लिए पूरी तरह से उन पर निर्भर सरकार कभी भी
प्रउत और प्राउटिष्टों के अनुकूल नहीं हो सकती। इसलिए वक्त की मांग है कि प्राउटिष्ट
अपनी सरकार बनाएं।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">एक कदम आगे की ओर</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">चलिए सबसे पहले</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">समाज
आंदोलन की चर्चा करें। समाज आंदोलन लोगों</span> <span lang="HI">को प्रेरित
करता है कि वे खुद को सामाजिक</span>, <span lang="HI">सांस्कृतिक और आर्थिक रूप से
सबल करें। जब सरकार उनकी मांगों को मान लेती है और उस सम्बन्ध में कानून बना देती</span>,
<span lang="HI">तब जाकर वे मूर्त रूप लेतीं हैं। वर्ना सामाजिक विषमता</span>, <span lang="HI">आर्थिक विषमता और सांस्कृतिक भ्रष्टता बनी रहती है</span>, <span lang="HI">जैसा
कि</span> <span lang="HI">हम अभी देख रहे</span> <span lang="HI">हैं। इसी
वजह से श्री सरकार ने प्रउतवादियों को सत्ता में लाने के लिए एक राजनैतिक आंदोलन
परिकल्पना की थी -- मात्र यही एक मार्ग है।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रउतवादियों की सत्ता
प्रउत की स्थापना की ओर</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">एक कदम होगी। प्रउत के अनुकूल सरकार प्रउत के
सिद्धांतों और नीतियों को अमल में ला सकती है। ऐसी सरकार का अभाव ही एक मुख्य कारण
है कि प्राउटिष्ट संस्थाएँ तेज गति से आगे नहीं बढ़ पा रहीं हैं। एक हितैषी और
सहायक सरकार सैद्धांतिक विप्लवी गतिविधियों को बल देने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है।
इसलिए प्रउतवादी सिद्धांतों</span> <span lang="HI">को गति देने</span> <span lang="HI">और उन्हें सफल बनाने के लिए नैतिकों अर्थात प्राउटिष्टों का शासन होना
आवश्यक है। समाज आंदोलन इस काम को सुगम बनाने में मदद करेगा। दोनों आन्दोलन --
राजनैतिक तथा</span> <span lang="HI">समाजार्थिक एवं</span> <span lang="HI">सांस्कृतिक -- आवश्यक हैं और एक दूसरे के पूरक हैं।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">राजनैतिक आंदोलन शुरू करने के लिए एक स्पष्ट दृष्टि की आवश्यकता
है। </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1968 <span lang="HI">में
श्री श्री प्रभात रंजन सरकार ने एक राजनैतिक दल का गठन किया जिसका नाम था --
प्राउटिष्ट ब्लाक</span>, <span lang="HI">इंडिया ( पी बी आई )</span> <span lang="HI">। पिछले सालों में यह दल अपेक्षित गति और शक्ति के साथ सक्रिय नहीं रहा और
परिणामस्वरूप भारतवर्ष के राजनैतिक मानचित्र पर अपने लिए जगह नहीं बना पाया है।
लेकिन पी बी आई के वर्तमान</span> <span lang="HI">कार्यकर्ताओं ने
अनैतिक शक्तियों के खिलाफ आरपार की लड़ाई छेड़ने का संकल्प ले लिया है।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">आर्थिक और राजनैतिक शक्तियों को अलग-अलग होना चाहिए। दोनों
शक्तियाँ एक ही संस्था को देना बुद्धिमानी नहीं है। इसलिए समाज की गतिविधियों के
माध्यम से अर्थशक्ति स्थानीय लोगों के हाथ में निहित होनी चाहिए और वे ही इस मामले
में सर्वोच्च होने चाहिए। ऐसा क्यों</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">यह समझने के लिए यह जानना
आवश्यक है कि आज समाज में</span> <i>'<span lang="HI">जो सक्षम होगा</span>, <span lang="HI">वो बचेगा</span>' </i><span lang="HI">का सिद्धांत हावी है</span>, <span lang="HI">जिसकी वजह से लोग असहाय और कमज़ोर के कष्ट को प्राकृतिक या स्वाभाविक मानते
हैं और इससे आहत नहीं होते। श्री सरकार ने इस धारणा को यह कह कर तहस-नहस कर दिया
कि हर जीव का दो तरह का मूल्य</span> <span lang="HI">है: पहला</span>, <span lang="HI">उनके अस्तित्व का अपार</span> <span lang="HI">मूल्य और दूसरा</span>, <span lang="HI">उपयोगिता मूल्य अर्थात समाज के लिए उनकी उपयोगिता।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">चूँकि अभी भी सामूहिक मानसिकता</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">पर</span> <i>'<span lang="HI">जो सक्षम होगा</span>, <span lang="HI">वो बचेगा</span>' </i><span lang="HI">का सिद्धांत हावी है</span>, <span lang="HI">इसलिए अभी तक
व्यवहारिक जीवन में मनुष्य के आस्तित्विक मूल्य को महत्व नहीं दिया गया है। इसलिए
जिसने</span> <span lang="HI">भी अधिक हुनर</span>, <span lang="HI">ज्ञान या
क्षमता प्राप्त की है</span>, <span lang="HI">उसने बेहिचक</span> <span lang="HI">दूसरों को दबाया</span>, <span lang="HI">उत्पीड़ित और</span> <span lang="HI">शोषित किया है। यही नहीं</span>, <span lang="HI">वे</span> <span lang="HI">बड़े जोर-शोर से अपने काम को यह कह कर</span> <span lang="HI">सही
ठहराते हैं</span> <span lang="HI">कि उनकी संपत्ति उनकी प्रतिभा और मेहनत का
परिणाम है</span>, <span lang="HI">और दूसरों को भी उनकी तरह संघर्ष करने और</span> <span lang="HI">सफल होने के लिए समान अवसर उपलब्ध है। दिलचस्प बात यह हैं कि पहले सफल
डाकू भी अपने सामाजिक अपराधों सही ठहराने के लिए</span> <span lang="HI">इसी
तरह का तर्क देते थे।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">श्री सरकार इस वैचारिक कपटता या दोगलेपन को स्वीकार नहीं करते। अगर
परमात्मा एक छोटे से छोटे असहाय जीव के जीवन की परवाह करते हैं</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">तो
मनुष्य ऐसा क्यों न करे </span>? <span lang="HI">किसी भी को</span> <span lang="HI">मनुष्य को क्या अधिकार है कि वह</span> <span lang="HI">दूसरों को
जीवित रहने के अधिकार से वंचित करे। परम दयालु परमात्मा जानते हैं कि एक शिशु के
पाचन अंग अविकसित हैं</span>, <span lang="HI">इसलिए वे उसके पैदा होने से पहले ही
माता के स्तनों में उसके लिए सुपाच्य दूध पैदा कर देते हैं। इसी तरह परमात्मा
जीवित रहने के अधिकार के मामले में एक पापी के साथ भी भेदभाव नहीं करते हैं।
हमें सृष्टि की</span> <span lang="HI">सभी वस्तुओं और जीवों</span> <span lang="HI">को परमात्मा की अभिव्यक्ति के रूप में देखना होगा। इसलिए हमें सभी को उनके
अस्तित्व की गारंटी देनी होगी। यही कारण कि श्री सरकार ने आर्थिक शक्ति और आर्थिक
अधिकारों की सभी को गारंटी दी है</span>, <span lang="HI">ताकि हर कोई आत्मनिर्भर बन
सके और कोई भी यह न सोचे कि संसाधनों और अवसरों की कमी के कारण उसके जीवन का विकास
नहीं हो पाया। अतः हमें एक ऐसी व्यवस्था स्थापित करनी होगी जिसमे हर कोई गरीबी</span>,
<span lang="HI">दमन और शोषण की चिंता किये बिना सम्मान के साथ जी सके। इसलिए प्रउत
का समाज आंदोलन आर्थिक शक्ति को आम आदमी के हाथों में देता है।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">राजनैतिक शक्ति</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">लेकिन जहाँ तक शासन और
प्रशासन का सवाल है</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">उसे आर्थिक शक्ति की तरह सभी को नहीं सौंपी जा
सकती। किसी</span> <span lang="HI">भी</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ऐरे-गैरे</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">नहीं
बल्कि सिर्फ नीतिवादियों के हाथों में ही</span> <span lang="HI">शासन की
बागडोर दी जानी चाहिए। जिस व्यक्ति का</span> <span lang="HI">नैतिक आधार मजबूत
नहीं है</span>, <span lang="HI">वह कभी भी</span> <span lang="HI">सही रास्ते से
भटक कर गिर सकता है। जो लोग भी शासन और प्रशासन में हों उनमे नैतिक और आध्यात्मिक
गुण जरूर ही</span> <span lang="HI">होंने</span> <span lang="HI">चाहिए।
इसलिए</span> <i><span lang="HI">प्रउत का राजनैतिक आंदोलन सिर्फ और सिर्फ
नैतिकों के हाथ में ही होगा</span> </i><span lang="HI">। इसमें अन्य</span> <span lang="HI">लोग कार्यकर्ता और मतदाता की भूमिका</span> <span lang="HI">में होंगे</span>,
<span lang="HI">ना कि नेता या पदाधिकारी की भूमिका</span> <span lang="HI">में।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">इस अंतर को बनाये न रख पाने के दुष्परिणाम आज देखे जा सकते हैं। आज
धन और सत्ता कुछ हाथों में ही केंद्रित हो गए हैं</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">जिसके कारण चारों ओर</span> <span lang="HI">गरीबी और अभाव है। ये आर्थिक शक्तियाँ राजनीति को भी नियंत्रित कर रहीं
हैं। वास्तव में आर्थिक और राजनैतिक दोनों ही शक्तियाँ लोगों के एक ही समूह के
हाथों में केंद्रित हो गईं हैं। इसके अलावा</span>, <span lang="HI">सरकार</span> <span lang="HI">ही सभी वित्तीय संसाधनों का नियंत्रण करती है। जाहिर तौर पर केंद्र सरकार
का</span> <span lang="HI">ही आर्थिक और राजनैतिक शक्तियों पर नियंत्रण है।
परिणामस्वरुप यह शिकायत हमेशा बनी रहती है कि केंद्र सरकार राज्यों को धन आवंटन में
भेदभाव करती है। जब अर्थव्यवस्था लोगों द्वारा नियंत्रित होगी</span>, <span lang="HI">तो स्थानीय लोगों का धन के उत्पादन और उपयोग पर पूर्ण नियंत्रण होगा</span>,
<span lang="HI">क्योंकि वे अपना हित बेहतर समझते हैं। अर्थशक्ति के स्थानीय लोगों
के हाथों में आ जाने से गरीबी</span>, <span lang="HI">अभाव और शोषण का हमेशा के लिए
खात्मा हो जायेगा।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">आर्थिक विषमता से निपटने के लिए अर्थव्यवस्था को विकेन्द्रित करने
की</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">आवश्यकता
है</span>, <span lang="HI">जिसके लिए प्राउटिष्ट यूनिवर्सल ( प्रउत संगठनों और
आंदोलनों की शीर्ष संस्था) ने भारतवर्ष में </span>44 <span lang="HI">समाज आंदोलन
शुरू किये हैं। लेकिन देश की एकता और संरचनात्मक ढांचे को बनाये रखने के लिए एक</span> <span lang="HI">राजनैतिक इकाई है अर्थात भारतवर्ष। इस तरह </span>44 <span lang="HI">समाजार्थिक
इकाइयों या समाजों को समायोजित करने के लिए</span> <span lang="HI">एक भारत
सरकार। इसलिए हमें दोनों शक्तियों के बीच विभाजन के महत्व और आवश्यकता को समझना
होगा और उसी के अनुसार पूरी व्यवस्था को पुनर्गठित करना होगा।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">राजनीति सिर्फ नैतिकों का कार्यक्षेत्र रहेगी</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">जबकि
अर्थव्यवस्था स्थानीय लोगों के हाथों में होगी। दूसरे शब्दों में</span>, <span lang="HI">राजनैतिक शक्ति का केंद्रीकरण और आर्थिक शक्ति का विकेंद्रीकरण।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">चुनाव</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">शुरुवाती दिनों से ही श्री सरकार ने चुनावों में भाग लेने के लिए
कार्यकर्ताओं को बनाना और प्रेरित करना शुरू कर दिया था। उन्होंने ऐसा करना क्यों
जारी रखा </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">?
<span lang="HI">इसका कारण था कि इस तरह कार्यकर्ताओं को समाज में जाकर</span> <span lang="HI">लोगों के कष्ट देखने और सुनने को मिलते थे। ऐसा करने से उनमें यह सोच
जागृत होती थी लोगों के कष्ट को प्रउत की मदद से कैसे दूर किया जाए</span> <span lang="HI">और उनका प्रउत के प्रति समर्पण बढ़ता था। इसके अलावा आर्थिक अभाव और भ्रष्ट
लोगों के हिंसक आघात के बावजूद काम को जारी रखने के संघर्ष ने उनमें साहस और
नेतृत्व के गुण पैदा किये। श्री सरकार अपने लेख</span> '<span lang="HI">न्यूक्लिअर
रेवोलुशन</span>' <span lang="HI">में कहते हैं कि लोगों को संगठित करने के विप्लवी</span> <span lang="HI">प्रयास की प्रक्रिया से नेताओं का जन्म होता है।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">पी बी आई चुनावों के दौरान चलने वाला तीन महीनों का कार्यक्रम नहीं
होगा। जन प्रतिनिधि लोगों के मुद्दों को लेकर सालभर और साल दर साल लड़ना सीखेंगे।
वे लोगों को खुद के लिए सोचना सिखायेगें</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">; <span lang="HI">उन्हें अपनी भावनाओं को व्यक्त
करना और पी बी आई के माध्यम से अपने अधिकारों और सपनों के लिए लड़ना सिखायेगें।
इसके माध्यम से लोग एक बड़ी ताकत बन कर न सिर्फ अपने उम्मीदवार को सत्ता में
लायेगें बल्कि अपने क्षेत्र में प्रउत को स्थापित करने के लिए लड़ेंगे। इस
तरह भारतवर्ष के प्राउटिष्ट कार्यकर्ताओं और आम जनता का संगठन होगा जो
प्राउटिष्टों की एक नई नस्ल को जन्म देगा</span>, <span lang="HI">जिसे बाधाओं से
लड़ने में आनंद आएगा। </span>'<span lang="HI">गीता में आध्यात्मिक शिक्षा</span>' <span lang="HI">पर अंपने</span> <span lang="HI">एक प्रवचन में श्री सरकार कहते
हैं:</span><b> </b></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<span lang="HI">इसलिए संघर्ष की अनुपस्थित मृत्यु का ही दूसरा नाम है।
तुम्हारे भीतर संघर्ष की यह भावना भावना पैदा करना ही</span> <u><span lang="HI">मेरा सतत प्रयास</span> </u><span lang="HI">रहा है</span>; <span lang="HI">मैंने कभी भी संघर्ष विमुखता को प्रोत्साहित नहीं किया है।</span> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI">अतः प्राउटिष्टों के सामने आज</span> <span lang="HI">सबसे
बड़ा</span> <span lang="HI">काम है संघर्ष के उस भावना को दुबारा जागृत
करना। पी बी आई अवश्य ही इस कार्य को ईमानदारी से करेगी।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">पी बी आई और समाज --
समन्वित सहयोग का </span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">__________</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">सरकार बनने से पहले</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">चुनावी
स्तर पर समाज</span> <span lang="HI">की तुलना में पी बी आई की भूमिका
निम्नलिखित ढंग से होगी :</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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1) <span lang="HI">पी बी आई ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में समाज की भावना को
प्रोत्साहित और सुदृढ़ करेगी क्योंकि इन क्षेत्रों में स्थानीय लोगों को</span> <span lang="HI">अपनी भावनात्मक विरासत से गहरा लगाव होता है। शहरों</span>, <span lang="HI">नगरों और महानगरों में जहाँ लोग विभिन्न सांस्कृतिक पृष्ठभूमि से आते हैं</span> <span lang="HI">पी बी आई अखिल भारतीय और वैश्विक भावना को प्रोत्साहित और सुदृढ़ करेगी।
यहाँ उद्देश्य होगा लोगों को पी बी आई से जोड़ कर उन्हें एक ऐसे संगठित जनांदोलन
में बदल देना है जो भ्रष्ट लोगों को सत्ता से उखाड़ फेंके।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2) <span lang="HI">चुनावों में पी बी आई
गुणों के आधार पर सबसे अच्छे उम्मीदवार को चुनने का भरसक प्रयास करेगी। चुनाव
क्षेत्र में सबसे अच्छे कार्यकर्ता को चुना जाएगा</span>, <span lang="HI">अर्थात जो
नैतिक हो और जिसमे दुखी मानवता के प्रति निस्वार्थ</span> <span lang="HI">प्रेम
हो। उम्मीदवारों का चुनाव करते समय पी बी आई हमेशा सम्बंधित समाज की सिफारिशों पर
गंभीरता से विचार करेगी</span>, <span lang="HI">क्योंकि चुनावों के बाद
उद्देश्य होगा सम्बंधित समाज</span> <span lang="HI">के लोगों के विस्तृत और
ज़मीनी ज्ञान के आधार पर बनी</span> <span lang="HI">विकास योजना को कार्यान्वित
करना।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<b><span lang="HI">पी बी आई और प्रउत फेडरेशन</span> </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">पी बी आई निम्नलिखित</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">अपने</span> <span lang="HI">पाँचों</span> <span lang="HI">अग्रणी संगठनों जो अपना पूरा सहयोग
देगी:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">यू पी एल एफ (
यूनिवर्सल प्राउटिष्ट लेबर फेडरेशन)</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">यू पी एस एफ (यूनिवर्सल
प्राउटिष्ट स्टूडेंट फेडरेशन)</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">यू पी आई एफ (
यूनिवर्सल प्राउटिष्ट इंटेलेक्चुअल फेडरेशन)</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">यू पी वाय एफ
(यूनिवर्सल प्राउटिष्ट यूथ फेडरेशन)</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">यू पी एफ एफ (यूनिवर्सल
प्राउटिष्ट फारमर्स फेडरेशन)</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">इन संगठनों के मुद्दों
को राजनैतिक मंच पर लाकर पी बी आई उन्हें चर्चा के केंद्र में लाएगा। उनकी माँगों
पर पर्याप्त ध्यान आकर्षित करने के लिए ईमानदारी से काम करेगा ताकि</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">विधायिका
और प्रशासन उन्हें स्वीकार करें</span> <span lang="HI">।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">पी बी आई का ध्येय</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">आजकल लोग मानते हैं कि
अनैतिक और अनुचित साधनों की मदद के बिना राजनीति में सफल होना असंभव है</span>, <span lang="HI">जिसका मतलब है कि अनैतिक साधनों के बिना संसद या विधान सभा में सीट नहीं
जीती जा सकती। भारतीय मानसिकता में बैठे इस</span> <span lang="HI">मिथक या गलत
धारणा को पी बी आई तोड़ेगी। राजनीति में नैतिकता की इस विराट शून्यता को भरने के
लिए</span>, <span lang="HI">एक स्पष्ट दृष्टि और पांच कार्यों को करने के
संकल्प के साथ पी बी आई आई है</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1) <span lang="HI">राजनीति में ध्रुवीकरण करने का प्रयास
करना। समाज को स्पष्ट सन्देश जाना चाहिए कि सिर्फ नीतिवादियों को ही राजनीति में
प्रवेश की अनुमति होगी। इसलिए नैतिकता किसी भी राजनैतिक कार्यकर्ता की
न्यूनतम योग्यता होगी। किसी व्यक्ति की नैतिकता को जांचने का पैमाना होगा उसका
निजी और सामाजिक व्यवहार। विशेषकर उम्मीदवार की संपत्ति की कड़ाई से जांच की जानी
चाहिए।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
2)<span lang="HI">विक्षुब्ध नैतिकों को संगठित और एकताबद्ध करने का पूरा प्रयास
करना। दिखलावटी नैतिक लोग जनता के कष्ट को दूर नहीं कर सकते। अनैतिक और शोषणकारी
ताकतों से लड़ने के</span> <span lang="HI">लिए जुझारू जोश और विप्लवी
उत्साह की आवश्यकता होती ही।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3) <span lang="HI">जन चेतना और जनांदोलन के माध्यम से
लोगों को संगठित एवं संचालित कर एक नवीन सामाजिक-राजनैतिक व्यवस्था के लिए काम
करना।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
4) <span lang="HI">प्रउत कार्यकर्ताओं और आंदोलनों के बीच सुन्दर</span> <span lang="HI">समन्वय स्थापित करने का प्रयास करना।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
5) <span lang="HI">समान विचारधारा वाले संगठनों और आंदोलनों के बीच एक
सहानभूतिपूर्ण सम्बन्ध बनाए रखने का प्रयास करना।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<span lang="HI">इन सभी प्रयासों का उद्देश्य है प्रउत सरकार के रूप में
प्राउटिष्टों (नैतिकों) को सत्ता में लाना।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">परिणाम</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्राउटिष्ट सरकार के बन
जाने पर भी इस बात की क्या गारंटी है कि वह प्रउत के सिद्धांतों को नीतियों को
लागू करेगी ही। इस प्रश्न पर</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">गंभीरता से सोचने की आवश्यकता है।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">पुराना अनुभव यह बताता
है कि नई सरकार अपने घोषित कार्यक्रम से भटक जाती है</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">और समय
के साथ पहले की</span> <span lang="HI">सरकारों की ही</span> <span lang="HI">तरह निरंकुश हो जाती है। इसलिए विप्लवी संघर्ष और शोषणकारी सरकारों से सत्ता
छीनकर विप्लवी सरकार की स्थापना करने के उदाहरण लोगों को अब प्रेरित नहीं करते।
लोग यह मानने लगे हैं कि सरकार तो बदल सकती है</span>, <span lang="HI">लेकिन
वर्तमान व्यवस्था एक स्थायी</span>, <span lang="HI">हितैषी और पूरी तरह से जन
कल्याणकारी व्यवस्था में तब्दील नही हो सकती।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">श्री सरकार इस विषय की गहराई तक गए</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">हैं
और अपनी पुस्तक </span>'<span lang="HI">डिस्कोर्सेज ओन प्राउट</span>' <span lang="HI">में कहते हैं :</span> <b><span lang="HI">कोई भी</span> <span lang="HI">सरकार चाहे वो</span> <span lang="HI">फासीवादी हो</span>, <span lang="HI">साम्राज्यवादी हो</span>, <span lang="HI">तानाशाही</span>,<span lang="HI">रिपब्लिकन</span>,
<span lang="HI">नौकरशाही या लोकतान्त्रिक</span>, <span lang="HI">वो</span> <span lang="HI">निश्चित रूप से दमनकारी बन जायेगी</span> <span lang="HI">अगर नेताओं
या सत्ताधारी दल की मनमानी को रोकने के लिए कोई </span>'<span lang="HI">नैतिक शक्ति</span>'
<span lang="HI">न हो।</span> </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI">इसका मतलब यह है कि श्री सरकार सत्ता के दो केंद्र चाहते हैं: पहला
सरकारी सत्ता और दूसरा गैर-सरकारी सत्ता। सरकारी शासन का अर्थ है</span> <span lang="HI">राष्ट्रीय संविधान और कानून से मान्यता प्राप्त शासन। शासन और प्रशासन की
पूरी मशीनरी संविधान और कानून के प्रावधानों की सीमा में काम करती है। अगर कोई चीज</span> <span lang="HI">इन कानूनों या</span> <span lang="HI">प्रावधानों द्वारा स्वीकृत
नही है तो वह गैरकानूनी और दंडनीय है।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">इसलिए अगर कोई पदाधिकारी नैतिक नहीं है</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">तो
वह नियम-कानून की आड़ में शोषण और आतंक का साम्राज्य स्थापित कर देगा। उसके अनैतिक काम
को कानून के माध्यम से उसी सरकारी मशीनरी के</span> <span lang="HI">तहत ख़त्म
करना सम्भव नहीं है क्योंकि वह मशीनरी उन्ही अनैतिक लोगों के हाथ में है। इसलिए
श्री सरकार ने हमें एक ऐसी नैतिक शक्ति की ज़रूरत</span> <span lang="HI">महसूस
करवाई है जो स्वतंत्र हो और सरकारी तंत्र के बाहर हो। वे कहते हैं :</span> <b><span lang="HI">इस तरह की नैतिक शक्ति की उम्मीद लोकतान्त्रिक ढाँचे में काम कर रही सरकार
से नहीं की जा सकती। गैर-राजनैतिक छोर से ही हम इसकी उम्मीद कर सकते हैं।</span> </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">अतः
यह स्पष्ट है कि उस</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">वांछित</span> <span lang="HI">नैतिक शक्ति
को सरकार के बाहर से पैदा होना होगा। यह नैतिक शक्ति आम लोगों के लिए हकीकत कैसे
बनेगी</span>? <span lang="HI">इसे समझने के लिए चलिए प्राउटिष्ट राजनीति के स्वाभाव
की</span> <span lang="HI">पड़ताल और विश्लेषण करें।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI">श्री सरकार दलरहित लोकतंत्र की वकालत</span> <span lang="HI">करते
हैं। इसका कारण है कि विभिन्न राजनैतिक दलों के प्रति वफ़ादारी के कारण जनता भी
विभिन्न गुटों में बंट जाती है</span>, <span lang="HI">और ये दल भी उन्हें बाँट कर
रखना चाहते हैं क्योंकि तभी वे सत्ता हासिल कर सकते हैं। वर्तमान दलीय
लोकतान्त्रिक प्रणाली में कई दोष हैं जो हर समझदार व्यक्ति को मालूम हैं। सबसे बड़ा
दोष तो यह है कि लोग पार्टी को वोट देते हैं और पार्टी अक्सर ऐसे लोगों को</span> <span lang="HI">उम्मीदवार बनाती है जो पीड़ित जनता के अधिकारों के लिए संघर्ष करने</span> <span lang="HI">योग्य नहीं होते। पार्टी ऐसे लोगों को ही उम्मीदवार बनाती है जो चुनाव जीत
सकते हैं। इस बात से पार्टी को फर्क नहीं पड़ता कि वे अनैतिक हैं और
गैरकानूनी तरीके जैसे पैसा और बल प्रयोग का सहारा लेते हैं। पार्टी के समर्थक प्रत्याशी
की नैतिकता की परवाह किये बिना उसे वोट दे देते हैं। परिणामस्वरूप विधायिका दागदार
चरित्र के लोग से</span> <span lang="HI">भर जाती</span> <span lang="HI">हैं। धन और सत्ता को प्राप्त करने केलिए</span> <span lang="HI">नैतिकता
को ताक पर रख कर.</span> <span lang="HI">ये राजनैतिक दल आपस में</span> <span lang="HI">अपवित्र गठबंधन भी बना लेते हैं और लोकतंत्र की आत्मा को मार डालते</span> <span lang="HI">हैं। इन परिस्थितियों में श्री सरकार ऐसे</span> <span lang="HI">दलविहीन
लोकतंत्र की वकालत करते हैं</span>, <span lang="HI">जिसमे लोग उम्मीदवार की योग्यता
के आधार पर उसे चुनेगें।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">फिर भी यह प्रश्न तो रहता ही है कि दलविहीन लोकतंत्र में चुने गए
लोग वर्तमान दलगत</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">व्यवस्था में चुने गए लोगों की तरह अपने
चुनावी वादों को पूरा करेगें या नहीं </span>? <span lang="HI">इस बात की क्या
गारंटी है कि चुने जाने पर वे अपनी नैतिकता को बचाये रखेगें </span>? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI">इस पर नियंत्रण रखने के लिए श्री सरकार ने</span> <i><span lang="HI">शक्ति के एक</span> <span lang="HI">दूसरे केंद्र</span> </i> <span lang="HI">अवधारणा दी है -- सरकार से बाहर नैतिक शक्ति का एक स्वतंत्र केंद्र। शक्ति
का यह केंद्र जनता</span> <span lang="HI">के समर्थन से पदाधिकारियों पर
सुधारात्मक प्रभाव डालेगा। जनकल्याण के प्रति</span> <span lang="HI">नीतिवादी
नेताओं के</span> <span lang="HI">निस्वार्थ समर्पण के कारण लोग इस नैतिक
नेतृत्व को स्वीकार करेंगे। सभी प्रकार के</span> <span lang="HI">शोषण के
विरूद्ध संघर्ष करने वाले इन नीतिवादी नेताओं में लोग न सिर्फ अपना विश्वास
दिखाएंगे</span>, <span lang="HI">बल्कि स्वयं भी उनकी तरह बनने के लिए प्रेरित
होंगे।यह नैतिक आंदोलन बदलाव के लिए</span> <span lang="HI">आम समर्थन जुटाएगा
और नेतृत्व को सरकार और प्रशासन पर प्रभावकारी एवं</span> <span lang="HI">फलदायक
प्रभाव डालने में सक्षम बनाएगा।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">एक स्थिति आएगी जब सरकार की सभी संस्थाएँ शक्ति के इस केंद्र को
नजरअंदाज नहीं कर पाएंगी। सरकारी पदाधिकारी जनता द्वारा समर्थित</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">इस
नैतिक नेतृत्व से हमेशा सावधान रहेगें। उन्हें हमेशा इस बात का ध्यान रहेगा कि अगर
वे नैतिक सत्ता को नहीं मानेगें तो उन्हें राजनैतिक</span> <span lang="HI">सत्ता
से उखाड़ फेंका जायेगा। इसलिए वे हमेशा इस गैर-सरकारी नैतिक सत्ता के प्रति जवाबदेह
रहेंगें।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">भारतवर्ष में</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">अतीत में महात्मा गांधी और जयप्रकाश नारायण</span>,
<span lang="HI">और हाल ही में अन्ना हज़ारे इस तरह गैर-राजनैतिक परन्तु लोकप्रिय
नैतिकतावादी राजनैतिक समर्थन के कुछ प्रमुख उदाहरण हैं। उनके नेतृत्व में चलाये जा
रहे किसी भी संगठन में उनका कोई</span> <span lang="HI">औपचारिक पद नहीं था</span>,
<span lang="HI">फिर भी पूरा आंदोलन उनके नियंत्रण में था और लोगों ने उनका अनुसरण
किया जब तक कि लोगों ने यह महसूस किया की उनका नेता उनकी भलाई के लिए समर्पित है।
लेकिन इन नेताओं ने कुछ गंभीर गलतियाँ कीं जिस वजह से नैतिक मार्ग निर्देशक की</span> <span lang="HI">उनकी</span> <span lang="HI">भूमिका धूमिल हो गई।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">महात्मा गांधी स्वतंत्रता के बाद कांग्रेस को एक राजनैतिक दल के
रूप में काम करने से नहीं रोक पाये</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">और यह बात उनकी असफलता का कारण
बनी। इससे पहले</span>, <span lang="HI">वे देश का विभाजन नहीं रोक पाये हालाँकि
उन्होंने यह घोषणा की थी कि देश का विभाजन उनके मृत शरीर पर ही होगा। आज़ाद भारत
में कांग्रेस पर अवसरवादी नेताओं ने कब्ज़ा कर लिया जिन्होंने गांधी जी की एक नहीं
सुनी।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI">जयप्रकाश नारायण ने जनता पार्टी के सत्ता में आने के पश्चात -- जो
उन्ही की मेहनत का परिणाम था -- जनता के उन सभी</span> <span lang="HI">संगठनों
को भंग कर दिया जो चुनाव के पूर्व सक्रीय थे और जनता पार्टी की शानदार जीत के लिए
जिम्मेदार थे। इसलिए सत्ता में आने के बाद पार्टी में किसी ने उनकी नहीं सुनी और
वे भ्रष्ट हो चुकी पार्टी के पतन को देखकर बड़े दुःख के साथ इस दुनिया से गए।
उन्हें जनता के गैर-राजनैतिक संगठनो को बनाये रखना चाहिए था और उनका उपयोग सरकार
पर दबाव बनाये रखने के लिए करना चाहिए था। इससे केंद्र में बैठे शासक नैतिक शक्ति
के इस केंद्र के प्रति जवाबदेही महसूस करते और यह उनके दुष्कर्मो के लिए एक बहुत
बड़ा खतरा होता। ऐसे नैतिक केंद्र के अभाव में जनता पार्टी का शासन</span> <span lang="HI">अपने कार्यकाल को पूरा करने से पहले ही ख़त्म हो गया।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">इसी तरह अन्ना हज़ारे के इर्द-गिर्द जनता का एक गैर-सरकारी आंदोलन
उभरा। इसे भी बड़े पैमाने पर आम जनता का सहयोग मिला लेकिन जल्द ही इस पर</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">राजनैतिक
महत्वकांक्षा रखने वाले लोगों ने कब्ज़ा कर लिया। परिणामस्वरूप आंदोलन धराशायी हो
गया और इसे</span> <span lang="HI">जन समर्थन भी नहीं रहा</span>; <span lang="HI">अन्ना हज़ारे आज पूरी तरह से किंकर्तव्यविमूढ़ हैं। पीछे मुड़ कर देखें तो
पता चलता है कि अन्ना हज़ारे अपने साथियों का स्वाभाव और योजना</span> <span lang="HI">समझ नहीं पाए।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">श्री सरकार ने निर्विवाद नैतिक नेतृत्व वाले</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">शक्ति
के एक ऐसे केंद्र की अवधारणा दी है जो सरकारी मशीनरी से बाहर होगा। नैतिकों की इस
सत्ता</span> <span lang="HI">को लोग सहज ही स्वीकार लेंगें। यह नैतिक नेतृत्व
एक व्यक्ति द्वारा</span> <span lang="HI">नहीं बल्कि कठोर नैतिकों के समूह
द्वारा दिया जायेगा। सांसद और विधायक अपना काम करेंगे और नैतिकों का सामूहिक
नेतृत्व उनके कामकाज पर नज़र रखेंगे। अगर वे देखगें कि कोई विधायक या सांसद अपने
घोषणा पत्र के अनुसार काम नहीं कर रहा है तो वे उस पर नैतिक दबाव डाल कर इस्तीफा
देने</span>, <span lang="HI">या ज़रूरत पड़ने पर राजनीति छोड़ने के लिए मजबूर कर
देंगें।</span> <span lang="HI">नैतिक शक्ति का यह</span> <span lang="HI">केंद्र
समय के साथ स्वाभाविक ढंग से</span> <span lang="HI">विकसित और शक्तिशाली होता
जायेगा</span>, <span lang="HI">और इसके नेतृत्व में जब जनता सशक्त हो जाएगी तो यह
एक व्यवहारिक सत्य बन जायेगा।</span> <span lang="HI">ऐसा गैर-सरकारी नैतिक
शक्ति केंद्र जनता जनता द्वारा चुने गए प्रतिनिधियों</span>, <span lang="HI">कर्मचारियो</span>,
<span lang="HI">न्यायधीशों आदि को अनैतिक काम करने से रोकेगा।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">नेतृत्व के दो स्तर</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">तो हमारे पास नेतृत्व
के दो स्तर हैं - </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1) <span lang="HI">सरकारी या</span> <span lang="HI">आधिकारिक
नेतृत्व जैसे विधायिका</span>, <span lang="HI">कार्यपालिका</span>, <span lang="HI">न्यायपालिका</span>,
<span lang="HI">लेखा परीक्षक</span>, <span lang="HI">सचिवालय</span>, <span lang="HI">पुलिस आदि। और </span>2) <span lang="HI">गैर-आधिकारिक सर्व-मान्य नैतिक
शक्ति</span> <span lang="HI">केंद्र। दोनों एक-दूसरे के पूरक होंगे। अगर
सरकारी मशीनरी लोग के हित में काम नहीं करती है</span>, <span lang="HI">तो यह नैतिक
शक्ति केंद्र ऐसी परिस्थितियाँ पैदा करेगा करेगा कि सरकारी मशीनरी को सुधारना होगा
या सत्ता से हटना होगा। ऐसी सामाजिक व्यवस्था ही</span> <span lang="HI">प्रउत
के क्रियान्वयन को</span> <span lang="HI">सुनिश्चित कर सकती है। ऐसी व्ययस्था
में ही किसी को यह डर नहीं रहेगा कि संसद</span>, <span lang="HI">सरकार और प्रशासन
अपने</span> <span lang="HI">कर्तव्य का पालन नहीं करेंगें।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI">नैतिक शक्ति के ऐसी केंद्र के बिना प्रउत को हकीकत में बदलने का
सपना बस सपना ही रहेगा। इसलिए पी बी आई में ऐसे नेता होंगें</span> <span lang="HI">जो चुनाव लड़ेंगे और संसद</span>,<span lang="HI">विधानसभा आदि में जाएंगे।</span> <span lang="HI">इसके अलावा ऐसे नेता भी होंगे जो</span> <span lang="HI">बिना किसी
राजनैतिक उद्देश्य के जनता के साथ करेंगे। वे लोगों के सहज</span>,<span lang="HI">स्वाभाविक
और वास्तविक</span> <span lang="HI">नेता होंगे (ना कि नियुक्त</span>,<span lang="HI">मनोनीत या चुने गए नेता)।इस तरह इस नैतिक नेतृत्व के कारण लोगों के हित
सुरक्षित रहेंगे। आधिकारिक (प्रशासनिक) नेतृत्व हमेशा नैतिक नेतृत्व के प्रति
उत्तरदायी रहेगा।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">आज नेतृत्व का दूसरा स्तर पूरी तरह से</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">नदारद
है। जनता विभिन्न राजनैतिक दलों के पक्ष और विपक्ष में बंटी</span>, <span lang="HI">और जो जनता द्वारा चुने जाते हैं</span> <span lang="HI">उन्हें इस बात
की कोई परवाह नहीं है कि जनता उनके खिलाफ हो जायेगी। वे विभिन्न तिकड़में लगा कर
जनता में फूट डालना और</span> <span lang="HI">उसे अपने काबू में रखना रखना
चाहते हैं। सभी</span> <span lang="HI">पार्टियां अपनी अलग-अलग पहचान बनाये
रखना चाहतीं हैं और दिन-रात अपना वोट बैंक मजबूत रखने के लिए काम करतीं हैं। सत्ता
की राजनीति के इस कुटिल खेल में एक वर्ग जनता का एक वर्ग हमेशा दूसरों के साथ लड़ता
रहता है। पार्टियां खुद को चर्चा में रखने और लोगों का समर्थन जुटाने तथा समर्थकों
को बनाये रखने के लिए पैसा पानी की तरह बहाती हैं।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">इसके अतिरिक्त हर सत्ताधारी दल शराब</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">नशीले पदार्थों</span>, <span lang="HI">अश्लीलता और अनैतिक संस्कृति को जनता के बीच बढ़ावा देता है</span>, <span lang="HI">भले ही वह</span> <span lang="HI">सार्वजानिक रूप से कुछ भी कहे।
असंतुष्ट और विद्रोही लोगों की विप्लवी भावना को इस तरह का पतन ख़त्म कर देता है और
वे नैतिक रूप से कमजोर रहते हैं। इसलिए वे अपने शोषण को सहते हैं और दूसरों के शोषण
में मदद करते हैं। ये दिशाहीन</span>,<span lang="HI">आत्मसम्मान विहीन लोग बेईमान
लोगों के लिए कोई खतरा नहीं हैं और इसलिए वे बेपरवाह रहते हैं। वे आश्वस्त रहते
हैं कि वे सांसद या विधायक के रूप में अपना कार्यकाल पूरा करेंगे।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">चूँकि ये बेईमान नेता भांप लेते हैं कि जनता का गुस्सा उन शोषक के
खिलाफ भड़कने वाला है जो इन दलों को चुनाव लड़ने के लिए पैसा देते हैं</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">तो ये
राजनेता समाज में तरह-तरह के विवाद पैदा कर लोगों को बेकार के मुद्दों पर बाँट कर
रख देते हैं ताकि वे शोषकों के लिए खतरा न बन सकें। दूसरी और ये नेता अपनी सत्ता
का बेशर्मी से दुर्पयोग करके अपने संपत्ति को बढ़ाते है </span>; <span lang="HI">उन्हें
अपने क्षेत्र में जाकर लोगों के सुख-दुःख जानने तक की फुर्सत नहीं रहती।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI">इस तरह की मानसिकता तभी समाप्त होगी जब सत्ता में बैठे लोगों के मन
में भय होगा कि अगर वे अपने चुनावी वादो के खिलाफ गए तो जनता उन्हें एक दिन के लिए
भी माफ़ नहीं करेगी।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">अविराम सक्रियता</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रउत दर्शन के प्रचार
एवं</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">प्रसार
के काम नियमित होना चाहिए ना कि साल में एक बार</span> <span lang="HI">या</span> <span lang="HI">सिर्फ चुनावी मौसम में। तभी सामूहिक मानसिकता को प्रउत की तरफ मोड़ा जा
सकता है। प्रउत के माध्यम से लोगों को सशक्त करना होगा -- उन्हें महसूस होना चाहिए
कि इस</span> <span lang="HI">दर्शन और कार्ययोजना के बल पर ही वे</span> <span lang="HI">असली आज़ादी हासिल कर सकते हैं। मुक्ति की इस आकाँक्षा को प्रउत शिक्षा के
कार्यक्रमों के माध्यम से विकसित और बलवती किया जाना चाहिए। इससे विक्षुब्ध लोगों
की इच्छा शक्ति भी मजबूत होगी। इन विक्षुब्ध नीतिवादियों को अपने असंतोष और गुस्से
को व्यक्त करने का एक मंच -- नैतिकों का नाभिक --</span> <span lang="HI">मिलेगा।
वे जितना ज्यादा संगठित और एकताबद्ध होंगे</span>, <span lang="HI">सामाजिक
पुनर्निर्माण के अपने लक्ष्य को प्राप्त करने के लिए वे उतने ही अधिक प्रयत्नशील
और आक्रामक होंगे।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">परिणामस्वरूप शोषणकारी
व्यवस्था को समाप्त करने तथा वास्तविक परिवर्तन लाने के लिए वे अधिक से अधिक
साहसिक कार्य करने में सक्षम हो जाएंगे। इस तरह प्राउटिष्ट राजनैतिक आंदोलन एक साफ
और सक्षम प्रशासन तथा जन हितैषी शासन देने में सफल होगा और प्रउत एक वास्तविकता बन
जायेगा। इस बारे में श्री सरकार कहते हैं </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">अन्याय के विरुद्ध संघर्ष में भी एक आनंद हैं</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">और वह
आनंद </span>______________ <span lang="HI">का अभिन्न अंग है।</span> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">यह आनंद न सिर्फ</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">हर प्राउटिष्ट महसूस करे</span>, <span lang="HI">बल्कि इस पृथ्वी का हर नीतिवादी महसूस करे</span>; <span lang="HI">यहाँ तक
कि अनैतिक लोग भी मन ही मन उस आनंद को प्राप्त करने के लिए तरसें।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">चलो श्री सरकार के इस</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">आह्वान का जवाब दें जो
उन्होंने आधी सदी पहले </span>'<span lang="HI">मानव समाज</span>' (<span lang="HI">खंड-</span>2) <span lang="HI">नामक अपनी</span> <span lang="HI">पुस्तक के अंतिम निबंध </span>'<span lang="HI">शूद्र विप्लव और सद्विप्र समाज</span>' <span lang="HI">में किया :</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">आज मैं</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">उन सभी विचारवान</span>, <span lang="HI">आध्यात्मिक</span>,
<span lang="HI">नैतिक</span>, <span lang="HI">संघर्षशील लोगों से</span> <span lang="HI">आग्रह करता हूँ कि वे एक सद्विप्र समाज की अविलम्ब रचना कर लें।
सद्विप्रों को सभी देशों के लिए काम करना होगा</span>, <span lang="HI">सभी मनुष्यों
की</span> <span lang="HI">सर्वांगीण मुक्ति के लिए। इस</span> <span lang="HI">सताई हुई दुनिया के दबे-कुचले लोग बड़ी बेचैनी से उनके आने के इंतज़ार में
पूर्व दिशा की और देख रहे हैं। इन पददलित मनुष्यों की राह से अमावस्या की कालिमा
छंटने दो। नए दिन के नए मनुष्य नई दुनिया के नए सूर्योदय के साथ जागें।</span> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">सामान्य प्रश्न</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रश्न </span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1. <span lang="HI">क्या आप सोचते हैं कि बदलाव के लिए जागरूकता पैदा
किये बिना रैली तथ</span> <span lang="HI">धरना करने और चुनाव लड़ने से प्रउत की
स्थापना में मदद मिलेगी </span>? <span lang="HI">छोटे पैमाने पर होने वाले धरने</span>,
<span lang="HI">रैली आदि को मिडिया और जनता ज्यादा गंभीरता से नहीं लेती</span>; <span lang="HI">वे दूसरे</span> <span lang="HI">छोटे-छोटे मुद्दों पर होने वाली</span> <span lang="HI">दूसरी रैलियों और धरनों की भीड़ में खो जाते हैं।</span> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">उत्तर. रैलियां और धरने करने तथा चुनाव लड़ने से निश्चित रूप से यह
जागरूकता पैदा होगी कि परिवर्तन की ज़रूरत है। मै इस बात से सहमत हूँ कि</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">छोटे
पैमाने पर होने वाले धरने</span>, <span lang="HI">रैली आदि तुरंत कोई बड़ा प्रभाव
नहीं पैदा नहीं करते। इसलिए समाधान यही है ज़मीन पर निरंतर चलने वाले जन
जागरण अभियान के</span> <span lang="HI">एक अंग के रूप में इन रैली</span>,<span lang="HI">धरनों आदि को</span> <span lang="HI">अधिक बड़ा और शक्तिशाली
बनाया जाए। </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रश्न </span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2. <span lang="HI">क्या आप सोचते हो जनता</span> <span lang="HI">पी बी आई के आंदोलन का समर्थन करने के लिए आसानी से अदर्शनिष्ठ हो जाएगी </span>?</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">उत्तर आम जनता कभी भी पूरी तरह से आदर्श के प्रति समर्पित
नहीं हो सकती। आम लोग सिर्फ समर्थक और हमदर्द हो सकते हैं। जब वे देखते हैं कि कोई
आंदोलन उनके दुखों को दूर करने के लिए कुछ कर सकता है</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">तो वे
उससे बड़ी संख्या में जुड़ जाते हैं। मेरा अनुभव यही है कि जो जनता</span> <span lang="HI">गांधीवाद के नारे लगाती</span> <span lang="HI">हैं</span>, <span lang="HI">वह वास्तव में नहीं</span> <span lang="HI">जानती कि गांधीवाद क्या है।
ऐसा ही दूसरे आंदोलनों के कार्यकर्ताओं के साथ भी है। सिर्फ ऊपर बैठे कुछ लोग किसी
आंदोलन के उद्देश्य या सिद्धांत को पूरी तरह से समझते हैं। प्राउटिष्टों के मामले
में भी ऐसा ही है। हम में से कितने प्रउत की विशेषताओं और सौंदर्य को जानते हैं</span>?
<span lang="HI">ज्यादातर सिर्फ प्रउत शब्द ही जानते हैं</span>, <span lang="HI">और
कि यह सबसे अच्छा दर्शन और सिद्धांत है। उनका विश्वास अधिकतर तो</span> <span lang="HI">भक्तिभाव और थोड़ा बहुत</span> <span lang="HI">बौद्धिक समझ पर आधारित
होता है।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI">प्रउत का प्रतिपादन</span> 1959 <span lang="HI">में किया गया</span>;
56 <span lang="HI">साल गुज़र गए हैं। क्या आप</span> <span lang="HI">यह दावा कर
सकते हैं कि भारतवासी प्रउत शब्द भी जानते हैं </span>? <span lang="HI">सिर्फ श्री
प्रभात रंजन सरकार के कुछ अनुयायी ही इसके बारे में जानते हैं। बाहर के समाज में
इसे जानने वालों की संख्या को अँगुलियों पर गिना जा सकता है।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रश्न </span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3. <span lang="HI">क्या आप यह महसूस नहीं करते कि यह बौद्धिक
लड़ाई का समय है और भौतिक/शारीरिक संघर्ष का समय नहीं आया है </span>? <span lang="HI">दुश्मन से दो-दो हाथ करने से पहले हमें खूब ताकत इकठ्ठा कर लेनी चाहिए।
क्या इस समय हमें सिर्फ बुद्धिजीवियों और विचारशील लोगों पर ही ध्यान नहीं देना
चाहिए</span>?</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">उत्तर. मैं नहीं सोचता कि यह सिर्फ बौद्धिक लड़ाई का ही समय
है। ऐसी लड़ाई हम </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1959 <span lang="HI">से लड़ रहे हैं। यह चलते रहना चाहिए परन्तु यह
पर्याप्त नहीं है।</span> <span lang="HI">अगर हम ज़मीन पर काम किये बिना प्रउत
पर सिर्फ बौद्धिक चर्चा करते रहेंगे तो</span> <span lang="HI">प्रउत सिर्फ कुछ
लोगों तक ही सिमट कर रह जाएगा</span>, <span lang="HI">जैसा की अभी तक हुआ है।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">मैंने कभी भी दुश्मन से तुरंत टकराने का सुझाव नहीं दिया है। मेरा
पूरा ज़ोर सामूहिक मानसिकता तैयार करने और राजनीति में एक वास्तविक ध्रुवीकरण लाने
पर हैं। प्रचार और चुनाव रणनीति का हिस्सा हैं। एक बार जब सामूहिक मानसिकता
प्रउत-आधारित परिवर्तन के लिए विकसित और मजबूत हो जायेगी</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">तब
प्रउत सरकार का बनना तय है।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रश्न </span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4. <span lang="HI">आज हम देखते हैं कि सही सोच के लोग</span> <span lang="HI">राजनैतिक दल और राजनेता</span> <span lang="HI">का सम्मान</span> <span lang="HI">नहीं करते। क्या वे पी बी आई को गंभीरता से लेंगें </span>?</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">उत्तर. राजनेताओं और राजनैतिक दलों ने अपने आचरण के कारण
अपना सम्मान खोया है। अगर उनके इरादों और कामों में ईमानदारी होगी तो लोग दुबारा
से राजनीति का आदर करेंगे। आज यह दुष्टों</span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">बदमाशों की शरणस्थली बनी हुई
है। इस</span> <span lang="HI">स्थिति को</span> <span lang="HI">उलटना
होगा। पी बी आई इस काम को</span> <span lang="HI">करने में कोई कसर नहीं
छोड़ेगा।</span> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रश्न </span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5. <span lang="HI">आंदोलनों के माध्यम से सरकार पर दबाव डाल
कर लोगों की समस्या हल करने में मदद करने से लोग यही सोचेगें कि वर्तमान व्यवस्था
ठीक है</span>; <span lang="HI">और अगर हम अपने प्रयासों में असफल होते हैं तो लोग
दूसरे दलों और नेताओं की तरफ मुड़ जाएंगे</span>, <span lang="HI">जो उद्देश्य
प्राप्ति के लिए भले ही भ्रष्ट तरीके अपनाते हों।</span> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">उत्तर.
सरकार पर दबाव डालना रणनीति है</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">यह समाधान का तरीका नहीं है। यह
विप्लवी विचारधारा को मजबूत करने में और विक्षुब्ध शूद्रों को संगठित करने में मदद
करेगा। विक्षुब्ध शूद्र का अर्थ है वे बौद्धिक या क्षत्रिय</span> <span lang="HI">क्षमता संपन्न लोग जो आर्थिक अभाव में अपनी</span> <span lang="HI">प्रतिभा
को अभिव्यक्ति करने का मौका नहीं पाते है। परिणामस्वरुप उनमें विद्रोह की आग धधकती
रहती है जो भड़कने के लिए</span> <span lang="HI">मौके का</span> <span lang="HI">इंतज़ार करती</span> <span lang="HI">रहती है।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">लोग हमें नहीं छोड़ेंगे जब वे देखेंगे कि हम आजकल के व्यवसायिक
राजनेताओं की तरह नहीं है। हमारी ईमानदारी</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">कर्तव्यनिष्ठा और सेवाभाव से
प्रभावित होकर लोग हमारा समर्थन</span> <span lang="HI">करेंगे। पी बी आई इसी
के लिए खडी</span> <span lang="HI">है।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रश्न </span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6. <span lang="HI">क्या यह सही नहीं है कि पी बी आई चुनाव लड़े
इससे पहले समाज आंदोलन होना चाहिए। स्थानीय अर्थव्यवस्था और संस्कृति</span> <span lang="HI">की आवश्यकता को प्रचारित करने से प्रउत लोगों में लोकप्रिय हो जायेगा</span>,
<span lang="HI">जिससे आखिरकार चुनाव जीतने में मदद मिलेगी। क्या आप को नहीं लगता पी
बी आई के कुछ सीटों पर चुनाव लड़ने को आज की राजनीति ज्यादा गंभीरता से नहीं लिया
जाएगा</span>?</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">उत्तर. चुनाव लड़ना भी रणनीति का एक अभिन्न अंग है। यह सामूहिक
मानसिकता को प्रउत के पक्ष मोड़ेगा और मजबूत करेगा। मुझे ऐसा नहीं लगता कि राजनैतिक
आंदोलन से पहले समाज आंदोलन होना चाहिए। उन्हें साथ-साथ आगे बढ़ना होगा। दोनों
आंदोलनों का उद्देश्य होना चाहिए प्रउत की स्थापना। दोनों को अक्षरशः एक दूसरे का
पूरक होना चाहिए। समाज आंदोलन को भी अपने उद्देश्य के लिए जन समर्थन हासिल करने लिए
सामूहिक मानसिकता को अपने पक्ष में मोड़ना होगा। यह सिर्फ बातचीत और चर्चा करने से
संभव नहीं है।</span><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रश्न </span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">7. <span lang="HI">धन और बाहुबल</span>, <span lang="HI">शराब</span>,
<span lang="HI">जाति और सांप्रदायिक भावनाओं के बढ़ते हुए प्रभाव के कारण क्या आप
नहीं</span> <span lang="HI">सोचते हैं कि पी बी आई के उम्मीदवार उनके आगे टिक
नहीं पाएंगे</span>?</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">उत्तर. ऐसा नहीं होगा। पी बी आई के उम्मीदवार का पहला गुण है</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">कि उसमे जीत के लिए दीवानगी हो</span> <span lang="HI">। हमें पता है
कि हमें इन चीजों का सामना करना होगा</span>, <span lang="HI">लेकिन इसके बावजूद हम
जितने के लिए संकल्पित हैं। लेकिन अपनी निस्वार्थ भावना और लोगों के समर्थन की मदद
से हम इनका सामना कर लेंगें। कोई भी सत्ता चाहे कितनी भी शक्तिशाली क्यों न हो</span>,
<span lang="HI">जनता की शक्ति के सामने स्थायी बाधा बन कर नहीं रह सकी है। जन
विद्रोह ने बड़े -बड़े तानाशाहों और अत्याचारी शासकों को धूल चटा दी है। अतः जब एक
बार विक्षुब्ध और शोषित जनता संगठित और एकताबद्ध हो जाएगी</span>, <span lang="HI">तब
पी बी आई आंदोलन की असली ताकत दिखाई देगी।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रश्न </span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">8. <span lang="HI">क्या आप नहीं सोचते कि प्राउटिष्टों को
लोगों को आज की समस्याओं का प्रउत आधारित</span> <span lang="HI">हल बताने में
सक्षम होना चाहिए ताकि वे उनके अंदर अपने</span> <span lang="HI">प्रति</span> <span lang="HI">विश्वास पैदा कर सकें </span>?</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">उत्तर. उन्हें समस्याओं के हल की</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">जानकारी होनी चाहिए</span>,
<span lang="HI">लेकिन ऐसा सिर्फ कुछ प्राउटिष्टों के लिए ही संभव है</span>, <span lang="HI">जिन्हे हम अदर्शनिष्ठ नेता कह सकते है। जनता और जनता के नेता आंदोलन को
समर्थन और सहानभूति देते हैं। हालाँकि वे प्रउत की</span> <span lang="HI">मूल
भावना को</span> <span lang="HI">जानते हैं</span>, <span lang="HI">लेकिन उन्हें
दर्शन और आदर्श की गहरी समझ नहीं होती।</span> <span lang="HI">आम जनता
में लोकप्रिय नेता और अदर्शनिष्ठ नेता दोनों मिलकर प्राउटिष्ट आंदोलन को विजय का
मुकुट पहनाएंगे।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रश्न </span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">9. <span lang="HI">आपके विचार से लोगों तक पहुँचने के क्या- क्या
माध्यम हो सकते हैं</span>?</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">उत्तर. सभी माध्यम जैसे</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">धरना</span>,<span lang="HI">ज्ञापन</span>,
<span lang="HI">भूख हड़ताल</span>, <span lang="HI">विरोध प्रदर्शन</span>, <span lang="HI">और घर-घर पहुँच कर जन सम्पर्क आंदोलन को आम जनता तक पहुँचाने और उसके लिए
जन समर्थन जुटाने में मदद करेंगे। इस माध्यम से हम लोगों की समस्यों को
उठायेंगे और प्रशासन पर उन्हें हल करने के लिए दबाव डालेंगे और ज़रूरत होगी तो जेल
भी जाएंगे।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रश्न </span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10. <span lang="HI">लोगों को नई व्यवस्था की आवश्यकता महसूस करवाने
के क्या तरीके होंगे</span>?</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">उत्तर जब हम अपनी विचारधारा का प्रचार करगें</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">और
जनता के लिए लड़कर उन्हें उनकी समस्याओं के कारणों के बारे में जागरूक कर</span> <span lang="HI">देंगें</span>, <span lang="HI">तो वे समझ जायेगें कि वर्तमान</span> <span lang="HI">व्यवस्था को बदले बिना उनकी समस्याओं का स्थायी हल नहीं हो सकता</span>, <span lang="HI">बल्कि वे बढ़ती ही जाएंगी।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रश्न </span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">11. <span lang="HI">सामूहिक मानसिकता को प्रउत के पक्ष में बदलने के
लिए किस चीज़ की आवश्यकता है</span>?</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">उत्तर. सामूहिकता मानसिकता को बदलने के लिए सबसे अच्छा तरीका है
विक्षुब्द शूद्रों को संगठित और एकताबद्ध करना ताकि</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">नैतिक और अनैतिक नेता दो</span> <span lang="HI">अलग-अलग खेमों में बंट</span> <span lang="HI">जाएँ। सामूहिक मानसिकता
प्रतिवाद और संश्लेषण के माध्यम से विकसित होती है। इसलिए पी बी आई प्रतिवाद को
मजबूत करने के लिए ईमानदारी और गंभीरता से काम करेगी। साथ ही भाषणों और जनता से
सीधे संपर्क के माध्यम से प्रउत पर आधारित नई व्यवस्था की वकालत कर संश्लेषण को
लोकप्रिय बनाने के लिए काम करेगी। जब लोग देखेगें कि वर्तमान व्यवस्था उनके कष्टों
को दूर करने में असमर्थ है</span>, <span lang="HI">और</span> <span lang="HI">प्रउत
व्यवस्था के पास उनकी समस्याओं का व्यवहारिक समाधान है</span>, <span lang="HI">तो
आवश्यक सामूहिक मानसिकता प्रउतवादी आदर्शों के पक्ष में विकसित और मजबूत होगी</span>,
<span lang="HI">जिससे प्रउत सामाजिक</span>,<span lang="HI">आर्थिक</span>, <span lang="HI">सांस्कृतिक और राजनैतिक क्षेत्र में एक प्रभावशाली विचार बन जाएगा।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रश्न </span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">12. <span lang="HI">आप लगातार विप्लव और
विप्लवियों की बात कर रहे हैं। इन विवादास्पद शब्दों से आपका क्या तात्पर्य है</span>?</span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">उत्तर. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">'<span lang="HI">विप्लव</span>' <span lang="HI">शब्द
के महत्व और अर्थ को लेकर किसी तरह का विवाद या भ्रम नहीं है। इसका अर्थ है मनुष्य
की शारीरिक</span>, <span lang="HI">मानसिक और आध्यात्मिक शक्तियों का जबरदस्त
प्रयोग।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">एक विप्लवी किसी तरह की भवजड़ता को प्रश्रय नहीं
देगा। उनका मन सभी तरह के </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">'<span lang="HI">वादों</span>', <span lang="HI">पूर्वाग्रहों और
मानसिक कमज़ोरियों</span> <span lang="HI">से मुक्त रहेगा। वे किसी आसक्ति या
दुर्भावना मैं नहीं पड़ेंगे। उनका मन हमेश लक्ष्य पर टिका रहेगा।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">वे वास्तविक आध्यात्मिक मनुष्य होंगे जिनके जीवन
में</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">किसी
पाखंड का स्थान नहीं होगा। वे कभी भी अध्यात्म को व्यवसाय नहीं बनाएंगे। वे अपनी
पूजा नहीं करवाएंगे बल्कि समाज के उन लोग का भी सम्मान करेंगे जिनका कोई सम्मान
नहीं करता। परमात्मा के प्रति अपने प्रेम से प्रेरित हो कर वे लगातार काम में लगे
रहेंगे।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">सामाजिक जीवन में</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">उनसे किसी की पीड़ा सहन नहीं
होगी और वे तमाम बाधाओं के बावजूद उनके आंसू पोंछेंगे तथा</span> <span lang="HI">उनके लिए संघर्ष करेंगे। जो लोग समाज में अस्वीकृत और</span> <span lang="HI">घृणित समझे जाते हैं</span>, <span lang="HI">वे उनके सबसे प्रिय
होंगें। वे समाज के पीड़ितों के व्यक्तित्व को बनाएंगे और उन्हें उनके अधिकारों के
लिए लड़ना सिखाएंगे और उन्हें दिखाएंगे कि कैसे दूसरों के अधिकारों के लड़ना जीवन का
सबसे बड़ा आनंद है।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">जब ये गुण सामूहिक मानसिकता में दिखाई देने लगते
हैं और लोग समाज में दूसरों की पीड़ा को सहन करने से इंकार कर देते हैं</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span lang="HI">तो हम
विप्लवी मानसिकता कहते हैं। जब यह मानसिकता समाज में</span> <span lang="HI">जन
संघर्ष और जन क्रांति में परिणत होती है</span>, <span lang="HI">तो यह विप्लव
कहलाता है। जो इस विप्लवी</span> <span lang="HI">संघर्ष को सफल बनाने में और
सब जीवों</span> <span lang="HI">के लिए</span> <span lang="HI">न्याय हासिल
करने में पूरी तरह जुटे रहते हैं वे ही</span> <span lang="HI">विप्लव के नेता
हैं।</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">प्रश्न </span></b><b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">13. <span lang="HI">कोई और वजह जो आपको पी
बी आई आंदोलन</span> <span lang="HI">की सफलता</span> <span lang="HI">के बारे में आश्वस्त करती है।</span> </span></b><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="HI" style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">उत्तर. हम सचेत हैं कि लक्ष्य तक पहुँचने के लिए हमें आंदोलन की निरंतरता
और स्वरुप</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "nirmala ui" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="HI">को बनाये रखना होगा। हम यह भी जानते हैं कि अगर हम असफल हुए तो हमें भी
दूसरे आंदोलनों की तरह भुला दिया जाएगा। हम दुखी</span> <span lang="HI">मानवता
के दर्द</span> <span lang="HI">को</span> <span lang="HI">महसूस कर रहे</span> <span lang="HI">हैं।</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-50987584904767969382018-02-01T06:12:00.002-08:002019-09-26T07:55:48.827-07:00अमीरी रेखा क्यों ?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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गरीबी, बेरोज़गारी, मंदी, महँगाई, भ्रष्टाचार, जनसँख्या विस्फोट, अपराध, आतंकवाद, अपसंस्कृति आदि आज देश और दुनिया के सामने बड़े संकट हैं। जब देश ने विदेशी शासन से मुक्त होकर राजनैतिक स्वतंत्रता प्राप्त की थी, तब हमने सोचा था कि हम शीघ्र ही इन समस्याओं से छुटकारा पाकर सुखी और समृद्ध हो जाएँगे, लेकिन आज 72 साल बाद भी हम इन समस्याओं से,जो और उग्र हो चुकी हैं, संघर्ष कर रहे हैं। स्वतंत्र भारतवर्ष भी कई आंदोलन, कई सरकारें, कई राजनैतिक दल और राजनेता देख चुका है,लेकिन देश की बहुसंख्यक आबादी की दुर्दशा बनी हुई है । लोगों में बढ़ती निराशा अब उग्र रूप में धारण कर रही है और निहित स्वार्थी तत्त्वों द्वारा जरा से उकसाए जाने पर जाति, संप्रदाय, मज़हब, क्षेत्र, भाषा आदि के नाम पर होने वाले दंगों में बदल जाती है। </div>
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प्राउटिष्ट ब्लाक, इंडिया (पीबीआई) का मानना है कि उपरोक्त समस्याओं का मूल कारण यह है कि देशवासियों ने अभी तक 'आर्थिक स्वतंत्रता' प्राप्त नहीं की ही। उन्हें वोट डालकर अपना प्रतिनिधि चुनकर सरकार बनाने का अधिकार तो प्राप्त हुआ है, लेकिन देश के संसाधनों में से अपना हिस्सा पाने की गारंटी नहीं मिली है। उत्पादन और वितरण के साधन मुट्ठीभर लोगों के कब्जे में हैं, जो पूरी अर्थव्यस्था को अपना हित साधने का यंत्र बनाए हुए हैं, और अपने धनबल से राजनैतिक व्यवस्था को अपनी अँगुलियों पर नचा रहें हैं; बाकी करोड़ों भारतवासियों को उनके हाल पर छोड़ दिया गया है।</div>
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इस पृष्ठभूमि में पीबीआई की मांग है कि देश में जल्द से जल्द 'अमीरी रेखा' लागू की जाए । यानी 'किसी भी व्यक्ति या समूह को एक निश्चित सीमा से अधिक धन-संपत्ति जमा करने की अनुमति नहीं होनी चाहिए । ऐसा करने से निम्नलिखित लाभ होंगे :</div>
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<b>1. गरीबी का ख़ात्मा: </b> 'संपत्ति रखने का अधिकार' जन्मजात अधिकार नहीं है । चूँकि कोई भी इंसान न कुछ साथ लाता है और न साथ लेकर जाता है, और ना ही वह किसी मूल पदार्थ का निर्माता है; वह हाइड्रोजन और ऑक्सीजन को मिलाकर कर जल बना सकता है, लेकिन हाइड्रोजन और ऑक्सीजन नहीं बना सकता। अतः वह इस दुनिया की किसी भी वस्तु का मालिक नहीं है ; उसे सिर्फ और सिर्फ 'उपयोग का अधिकार है' ।</div>
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संपत्ति रखने का अधिकार 18 वीं सदी के अंत में अस्तित्व में आया, जब इंग्लैंड में आरम्भ हुई औद्योगिक क्रांति ने पूँजीवाद को जन्म दिया। पूँजीपतियों ने अधिक से अधिक लाभ कमाने के लिए जल, जंगल, जमीन, खनिज पदार्थ, पशु-पक्षी और मनुष्यों का उपयोग और शोषण किया, और अर्जित धनशक्ति के प्रभाव से 'ज्यादा से ज्यादा संपत्ति जमा करने और उसका मालिक होने के अधिकार' को समाजिक और कानूनी मान्यता दिलवा दी। वरन कुछ यूरोपीय देशों को छोड़ कर अफ्रीका, एशिया, अमेरिका, ऑस्ट्रेलिया आदि महादेशों की मूल संस्कृतियाँ मनुष्य को नहीं बल्कि परमात्मा को सभी संपत्ति का मालिक मानतीं हैं।</div>
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भौतिक संपत्ति सीमित है। पृथ्वी पर प्रचुर संसाधन हैं, परन्तु इनकी एक सीमा है। इन सीमित संसाधनों का उपयोग पृथ्वी के 7 अरब से अधिक मनुष्यों और असंख्य जीव-जंतुओं के पालन-पोषण के लिए किया जाना चाहिए। परन्तु आज यह सीमित संपत्ति मुट्ठीभर लोगों के हाथों में सिमट कर रह गई है, और परिणामस्वरूप बाकी आबादी को नारकीय जीवन जीना पड़ रहा है । आज स्थिति यह कि :</div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;">मात्र 1 % लोग दुनिया की 50% संपत्ति के मालिक हैं।</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">मात्र 8 धनी लोगों की कुल संपत्ति दुनिया की आधी आबादी यानी साढ़े तीन अरब लोगों की कुल संपत्ति के बराबर है।</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">अमेरिका जैसे देश में भी मात्र 10 प्रतिशत लोग देश की 76 प्रतिशत सम्पत्ति के स्वामी हैं, जबकि 50 प्रतिशत अमेरिकावासियों के पास देश की मात्र 1 प्रतिशत संपत्ति है।</li>
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दूसरी ओर, </div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;">भारतवर्ष की 10% आबादी के पास देश की 80% संपत्ति है, जबकि 60 प्रतिशत भारतीयों के पास 5 प्रतिशत से भी कम संपत्ति है। </li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">मात्र 57 भारतीय अरबपतियों के पास देश की 70 प्रतिशत आबादी के बराबर संपत्ति है।</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">दुनिया के एक तिहाई गरीब भारतवर्ष में रह रहे हैं। </li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">90 प्रतिशत ग्रामीण परिवार 10 हजार रुपए प्रतिमाह से अधिक नहीं कमा पा रहे हैं। </li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">लगभग 3000 भारतीय बच्चे रोज़ भूख और कुपोषण के कारण असमय मर जाते हैं।</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">2013 से हर साल औसतन लगभग 11000 किसान आर्थिक समस्या के कारण आत्महत्या कर रहे हैं। </li>
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उपरोक्त तथ्यों से यह स्पष्ट है कि आज की पूँजीवादी समाजार्थिक व्यवस्था, जो अनियंत्रित धन संग्रह की अनुमति ही नहीं देती बल्कि उसको बढ़ावा भी देती है, पूरी तरह अनुचित है। इसलिए पी.बी.आई.स्पष्ट घोषणा करता है कि असीमित धनसंग्रह की छूट नहीं दी जा सकती, बल्कि सीमित संपत्ति का निम्नलिखित ढंग से न्यायोचित वितरण किया जाना चाहिए :<br />
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<li>हर व्यक्ति चाहे वह नौकरी करता हो या व्यापार या खेती उसकी न्यूनतम और अधिकतम संपत्ति की सीमा तय की जानी चाहिए।</li>
<li>रोटी, कपड़ा, मकान, चिकित्सा, शिक्षा आदि जैसी मूल आवश्यकताओं को खरीदने के लिए जितने पैसे की आवश्यकता है, कम से कम उतनी आय वाले रोजगार की सभी को गारंटी देनी होगी। सभी की आधारभूत आवश्यकताएँ पूरी करने के बाद बचे धन को अधिक प्रतिभाशाली, मेहनती और ईमानदार लोगों में उनके सामाजिक योगदान के अनुसार बाँट देना होगा। </li>
<li>न्यूनतम और अधिकतम संपत्ति के बीच दस गुना से अधिक का अंतर नहीं होना चाहिए। इस अंतर को कम करने का प्रयास किया जाना चाहिए परन्तु पूरी तरह समाप्त नहीं किया जाना चाहिए। अंतर पूरी तरह से समाप्त करने से काम करने के लिए जरूरी प्रोत्साहन ख़त्म हो जायेगा और उत्पादकता में कमी आएगी जैसा कि कई साम्यवादी (कम्युनिष्ट) देशों में हुआ था। </li>
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<b>2. भ्रष्टाचार पर लगाम :</b> इन्सान को धन की आवश्यकता दो कारणों से होती है: पहला, अपनी वर्तमान आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति के लिए और दूसरे,अपनी भविष्य की आवश्यकतों की पूर्ति के लिए। यदि इन के लिए पर्याप्त धन का इंतजाम कर लेने के बाद भी कोई धन जमा करना जारी रखता है, तो इसका मतलब है कि वह एक मानसिक बीमारी से पीड़ित है जिसमे उसे धन जमा करने मात्र से ही सुख प्राप्त हो रहा है, चाहे वह और उसकी सात पुश्तें भी इस धन का पूरी तरह से उपयोग न कर पाएँ। उसके लिए पैसा जमा करना अंकों का खेल बन जाता है - करोड़, दस करोड़, फिर सौ करोड़, हज़ार करोड़ -- बीमारी बढ़ती जाती है !</div>
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अगर आपसे कहा जाए कि कोई व्यक्ति टोपियों का इतना शौकीन है कि उसके घर में हर जगह टोपियाँ हैं - बैठक में टोपियाँ, मेज के नीचे टोपियाँ, पलंग के ऊपर टोपियाँ, नीचे टोपियाँ, बाथरूम में टोपियाँ, टॉयलेट में, किचेन में, छत में टोपियाँ, यहाँ तक कि उसने अपने घर आँगन में और घर के पीछे टोपियाँ रखने के लिए गोदाम बना दिए हैं, और अब टोपियाँ रखने के लिए एक और मकान खरीदने की सोच रहा है, तो आप बिना देर लगाए कहेंगे कि वो शौकीन नहीं पागल है। लेकिन आज पैसा धन संग्रह करने में पागलों की तरह लगे लोगों की तस्वीरें पत्रिकाओं के कवर पर छपतीं हैं और उन्हें समाज में बहुत सम्मान मिलता है ; उन्हें हमारे रोल मॉडल या आदर्श के रूप में प्रस्तुत किया जाता है।<br />
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आप सोचिए कि अगर अनाज, फल, सब्जियों, तेल आदि की जमाखोरी करना नाजायज और गैरकानूनी है, तो इन चीजों को प्राप्त करने के लिए आवश्यक धन की जमाखोरी करना कैसे जायज और कानूनी हो सकता है। </div>
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धन से 'नीड' अर्थात आवश्यकता की पूर्ति हो सकती है 'ग्रीड' अर्थात लालच की नहीं। आज भ्रष्टाचार के लिए वे लोग जिम्मेदार हैं जिन्हे लालच की बीमारी है। जिन्हे आवश्यकता के लिए नहीं बल्कि विलासिता और सामाजिक रूतबे के लिए पैसा चाहिए; ऐसे ही लोग -- वे चाहे सरकारी कर्मचारी हों या पूँजीपति व्यापारी -- घोटाले करते हैं, मोटी-मोटी रिश्वतें लेते और देते हैं। जरूरतों को पूरा करने के लिए किया गया भ्रष्टाचार आसानी से समाप्त किया जा सकता है, लेकिन लालच से पैदा हुआ भ्रष्टाचार सिर्फ अमीरी रेखा बनाने से ही समाप्त हो सकता है। भ्रष्टाचार का ख़ात्मा करने के लिए उसकी जड़ यानी 'लालच' पर लगाम लगानी होगी।</div>
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यहाँ यह सवाल पैदा हो सकता है कि किसी भी व्यक्ति की आमदनी और खर्चे पर नियंत्रण कैसे रखा जा सकता है ? यह काम मुश्किल तो है परन्तु विज्ञान और तकनीकी के इस युग में असंभव नहीं है। क्या फोन के टॉक-टाइम और इंटरनेट डेटा की तरह हम धन के उपयोग पर भी नियंत्रण नहीं रख सकते हैं ? </div>
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<b>3. मंदी का ख़ात्मा :</b> आज देश और दुनिया की अर्थव्यवस्था भारी मंदी का सामना कर रही है। बाज़ार सामान से अटे पड़े हैं, पर खरीदार नहीं हैं। मकान, वाहन, नियमित उपयोग की वस्तुएँ जैसे टूथपेस्ट, साबुन, तेल आदि तक को बेचना मुश्किल हो रहा है। अमेरिका जैसे देश में भी खाली मकानों की संख्या (1 करोड़ 86 लाख) बेघर लोगों की संख्या से इतनी अधिक है कि हर बेघर को 6 मकान मिल सकते हैं। </div>
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अर्थव्यवस्था में यह मंदी की स्थिति तभी आती है जब मुट्ठीभर लोगों के हाथ में सीमित धन का ज्यादातर हिस्सा जमा हो जाता है । ऐसे में आबादी के एक बड़े हिस्से की 'खरीदने की क्षमता' कम हो जाती है या पूरी तरह से ख़त्म हो जाती है। ऐसी स्थिति में जब फैक्टरियों में बना माल पूरी तरह से बिकता नही है, तो पूंजीपति उत्पादन कम कर देते हैं और कर्मचारियों की छंटनी कर देते हैं। इससे बेरोजगारी बढ़ती है और जनता की क्रयशक्ति और कम हो जाती है। ऐसी ही स्थिति को कहा जाता है 'आर्थिक मंदी' ।</div>
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इसका समस्या का समाधान है कि पैसा कुछ लोगों की जेबों में ही बंद न रहे । जैसे रुका हुआ जल सड़ता है और बीमारियों को जन्म देता है, वैसे ही रुका हुआ धन मंदी, बेरोजगारी, गरीबी, भ्रष्टाचार और अपराध को जन्म देता है । जरूरी है कि पैसा जन-जन तक जाए ; उनकी खरीदने की क्षमता बढे ; उत्पादित सामान बिके; लोगों का जीवन स्तर सुधरे और अर्थव्यवस्था आगे बढे । और ऐसा संभव है सिर्फ अमीरी रेखालागू करने से।</div>
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<b>4. बेरोजगारी का ख़ात्मा :</b> लगभग 10 लाख भारतीय युवा हर महीने बेरोज़गारों की कतार में लग जाते हैं, यानी हर साल देश को लगभग 1 करोड़ 20 लाख नए रोज़गार पैदा करने की आवश्यकता है। लेकिन इसके विपरीत 2012 से 2018 तक 2 करोड़ लोगों का रोजगार छीन गया। </div>
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क्या आज हमारे पास लाखों-करोड़ों रोज़गार हैं ? जी नहीं ! क्या इतने रोज़गार पैदा किये जा सकते हैं ? जी हाँ, ये रोज़गार पैदा किए जा सकते हैं। आज आप जहाँ भी नज़र डालें, तो देखेंगे कि कितनी ही सड़कें, रेल की पटरियाँ, स्कूल-कॉलेज, अस्पताल, उद्योग आदि बनने बाकी हैं । इन्हें बनाने और इनमे काम करने के लिए बेरोजगारों की एक बड़ी संख्या भी है, परन्तु सरकार का कहना है कि इन कामों को करवाने के लिए अर्थात निवेश के लिए उसके पास पर्याप्त धन नहीं है । हर सरकार का यही रोना होता कि सरकारी खज़ाना खाली पड़ा है । इसलिए सरकार मुँह देखती है बड़े-बड़े देशी और विदेशी पूँजीपतियों का। सरकार एफ.डी.आई. या पी.पी.पी के नाम पर इन धन्ना सेठों से मदद लेती है। इन्हे बैंकों से कम से कम ब्याज दर पर कर्ज दिलवाती है और ज़रूरत पड़ने पर इनके टैक्स और कर्ज माफ़ कर देती है। बदले में ये धन कुबेर रोजगार पैदा करने के नाम पर कम से कम लगा कर अधिक से अधिक बटोर लेना चाहते हैं। और अगर ऐसा नही हो पाता है, तो जनता का रोजगार जाए भाड़ में, ये तुरन्त ऐसे काम से निकल जाते हैं।<br />
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आज धनपति शेयर बाज़ार के सट्टे ( स्पेक्युलेशन ) में पैसा लगाकर थोड़े समय में ही मुनाफा कमा लेना ज्यादा बेहतर समझते हैं। कैंब्रिज यूनिवर्सिटी के प्रोफेसर जॉन ईटवैल के अनुसार 1970 में विश्व का 90 प्रतिशत धन व्यापार और अन्य उत्पादक गतिविधियों में लगा हुआ था और 10 प्रतिशत सट्टे में, परन्तु 1990 तक स्थिति बिलकुल उलट हो गई यानी 90 प्रतिशत धन सट्टे में लग गया और उत्पादक गतिविधियों के लिए मात्र 10 प्रतिशत बचा।</div>
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अमीरी रेखा बना देने से धन कुछ मुट्ठीभर लोगों के हाथ में जमा नहीं हो पाएगा और केंद्र सरकार, स्थानीय सरकार व विधायिका के प्रति उत्तरदायी केंद्रीय बैंक तथा सहकारी बैंकों के माध्यम से विकाश कार्यों के लिए पर्याप्त धन लगेगा; अधिक से अधिक रोजगार के अवसर पैदा होंगे। धन एक हाथ से दूसरे हाथ तक पहुँच कर पूरी अर्थव्यवस्था में प्रवाहित रहेगा। उसका अधिक से अधिक विकेन्द्रीकरण और समाजीकरण होगा तथा बेरोजगारी का खात्मा हो जाएगा।</div>
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<b>5. अपराध में भारी कमी : </b> धन की अधिकता और धन की कमी -- दोनों ही अपराध का एक बहुत बड़ा कारण है। जहाँ एक ओर, पैसा कम होने से लोग अपराध करने के लिए मजबूर होते हैं और पूरे समाज के लिए खतरा बनते हैं, वहीं दूसरी ओर पैसे की अधिकता से भी लोग विलासी बनते हैं और उनका दिमाग बुराइयों में लग जाता है।</div>
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आज अगर आप पढ़ाई में बहुत अच्छे हैं और आपकी किस्मत अच्छी है, तो आप कठिन परीक्षाओं को पास कर मुट्ठीभर नौकरियों में से एक अपने लिए एक झपट पाएँगें; या फिर कोई निजी व्यवसाय शुरू करने के लिए आपके पास खूब पैसा है, तो आप जीने के लिए कुछ कमा पाएँगे, वरना आप मरने के लिए स्वतंत्र हैं। </div>
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सवाल है यह कि जो ऐसा नहीं कर पाते उनके लिए क्या व्यवस्था है; क्या उन्हें रोटी, कपड़ा, मकान नहीं चाहिए? और इन्हे पाने के लिए अगर वे अपराध का रास्ता अपना लें, तो क्या यह स्वाभविक नहीं है ? इसलिए यह कहना गलत नहीं होगा कि उचित रोजगार के माध्यम से न्यूनतम आय की गारण्टी और अधिकतम संपत्ति की सीमा निर्धारित कर देने से यानी अमीरी रेखा बनाने से अपराधों में भारी कमी आएगी।</div>
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इसमें कोई संदेह नहीं है कि उपरोक्त समस्याओं को हल करने के लिए हमें अर्थव्यवस्था में कई और बड़े परिवर्तन करने होंगें । कृषि, उद्योग, वाणिज्य, व्यापार, बैंकिंग, कर व्यवस्था आदि को विकेन्द्रित ढंग से पुनर्नियोजित एवं पुनर्गठित करना होगा, परन्तु इसका आधार होगा सीमित भौतिक संसाधनों पर सामाजिक नियंत्रण की नीति यानी -- अमीरी रेखा।<br />
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.euronews.com/2016/01/18/the-richest-1-percent-own-more-than-99-percent-of-world-s-population"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://www.euronews.com/2016/01/18/the-richest-1-percent-own-more-than-99-percent-of-world-s-population</span></a><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="https://www.oxfam.org/en/pressroom/pressreleases/2017-01-16/just-8-men-own-same-wealth-half-world"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://www.oxfam.org/en/pressroom/pressreleases/2017-01-16/just-8-men-own-same-wealth-half-world</span></a><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="https://www.thenation.com/article/20-people-now-own-as-much-wealth-as-half-of-all-americans/"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://www.thenation.com/article/20-people-now-own-as-much-wealth-as-half-of-all-americans/</span></a><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://scroll.in/article/826484/embargoed-jan-16-00-01gmt-57-billionaires-possess-70-of-indias-wealth-oxfam-inequality-report<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="https://thewire.in/100250/57-indian-billionaires-own-wealth-equal-to-bottom-70-of-countrys-population/"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://thewire.in/100250/57-indian-billionaires-own-wealth-equal-to-bottom-70-of-countrys-population/</span></a><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-rural-household-650-millions-live-on-rs-33-per-day/1/451076.html"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-rural-household-650-millions-live-on-rs-33-per-day/1/451076.html</span></a><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.ijetsr.com/images/short_pdf/1501571529_905-911-ietech950_ijetsr.pdf"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://www.ijetsr.com/images/short_pdf/1501571529_905-911-ietech950_ijetsr.pdf</span></a><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="https://www.indiafoodbanking.org/hunger"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://www.indiafoodbanking.org/hunger</span></a><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="https://trofire.com/2015/07/21/3-5-million-americans-are-homeless-18-6-million-homes-in-america-are-standing-empty-what-is-wrong-with-this-picture/"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">https://trofire.com/2015/07/21/3-5-million-americans-are-homeless-18-6-million-homes-in-america-are-standing-empty-what-is-wrong-with-this-picture/</span></a><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://www.firstpost.com/business/a-million-indians-reach-employable-age-each-month-more-jobs-better-jobs-data-needed-2741546.html"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://www.firstpost.com/business/a-million-indians-reach-employable-age-each-month-more-jobs-better-jobs-data-needed-2741546.html</span></a><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><a href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/narendra-modi-job-creation-unemployment/1/956889.html"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;">http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/narendra-modi-job-creation-unemployment/1/956889.html</span></a><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jobs/nearly-2-crore-men-lost-jobs-between-fy-2012-18-nsso/articleshow/68528306.cms?from=mdr"><span style="font-size: x-small;">https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jobs/nearly-2-crore-men-lost-jobs-between-fy-2012-18-nsso/articleshow/68528306.cms?from=mdr</span></a><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-32876245169620064732018-02-01T06:09:00.000-08:002020-02-24T07:39:09.953-08:00The Farce of Political Democracy<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Nearly all the countries of the world today have come under some sort of democratic structure. Liberal democracy has been established in such countries as the U.S.A., Great Britain, France and Canada, while in the Soviet Union, China, Vietnam and Eastern Europe socialist democracy is the dominant system. The plight of the people i<span class="text_exposed_show" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">n liberal democratic (so-called democratic) countries is not as miserable as it is in communist countries, because in communist countries the political and economic system is imposed on society by party officials, causing untold human suffering and severe psycho-economic exploitation. Both liberal democracy and socialist democracy may be considered forms of political democracy because these systems are based on economic and political centralization.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibzL9ua8hlcQqNpVtTQsE9Et47tHqz4oZupqQh0PlVpyu6UVn-E_QrIbqw1jCkX5V_0PFseq4ervbrH8OQHngLA_UGggpNNZYQ_w6OCi1AMZkRKQsFEsXRieB1CnJv9ePB2yW5ZcfRUZ6y/s1600/Noam+Chomsky.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="850" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibzL9ua8hlcQqNpVtTQsE9Et47tHqz4oZupqQh0PlVpyu6UVn-E_QrIbqw1jCkX5V_0PFseq4ervbrH8OQHngLA_UGggpNNZYQ_w6OCi1AMZkRKQsFEsXRieB1CnJv9ePB2yW5ZcfRUZ6y/s400/Noam+Chomsky.jpg" width="400" /></a><span class="text_exposed_show" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In all countries where democracy is in vogue today, people have been deceived into believing that there is no better system than political democracy. Political democracy has no doubt granted voting rights, but it has snatched away the right of economic equality. Consequently, there is gross economic disparity between the rich and the poor, immense inequality in people’s purchasing capacity, unemployment, chronic food shortages, poverty and insecurity in society. The type of democracy prevalent in India is also political democracy, and it has proved to be a unique system of exploitation. The Indian constitution was created by three groups of exploiters: the British imperialists, the Indian imperialists and the ruling parties representing the Indian capitalists. All the provisions of the Indian constitution were framed keeping an eye on furthering the interests of these opportunists. Just to hoodwink the masses, the people were granted the right of universal suffrage. Millions of Indians are poor, superstitious and illiterate, yet the exploiters, through such practices as making false promises, intimidation, gross abuse of administrative power and vote rigging, repeatedly win over the electorate.</span><br />
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This is the farce of democracy. Once they form the government, they get ample opportunity to indulge in rampant corruption and political tyranny for five years. In the subsequent elections — whether on the provincial or state level — the same absurdity is repeated. This type of political opportunism has been going on in India since independence. For the last thirty-five years, the political parties have maintained that in order to attain economic parity with the industrially developed countries of Europe, India must follow the democratic system. To support this argument, they cite the examples of America and Great Britain or China and the Soviet Union. The political leaders urge the electorate to vote in their favor at election time so that the country’s starving masses can reap the benefits of a developed economy. But once the elections are over, the exploitation of the common people continues unabated in the garb of political democracy, and other areas of social life are completely neglected. Today millions of Indian citizens are being deprived of the minimum requirements of life and are struggling to procure adequate food, clothing, housing, education and medical treatment, while a handful of people are rolling in enormous wealth and luxury.</div>
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One of the most obvious defects of democracy is that voting is based upon universal suffrage. That is, the right to cast a vote depends on age. Once people reach a certain age, it is assumed that they have the requisite capacity to weigh the pros and cons of the issues in an election and select the best candidate. But there are many people above the voting age who have little or no interest in elections and are not conversant with social or economic issues. In many cases, they vote for the party rather than the candidate, and are swayed by election propaganda or the false promises of politicians. Those who have not reached the voting age are often more capable of selecting the best candidate than those who are entitled to vote. So age should not be the yardstick for voting rights. Whether or not a candidate gets elected usually depends upon party affiliation, political patronage and election expenditure. In some cases it also depends on antisocial practices. Throughout the world, money plays a dominant role in the electoral process, and in nearly all cases, only those who are rich and powerful can hope to secure elected office. In those countries where voting is not compulsory, often only a small percentage of the population participates in the electoral process.</div>
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The prerequisites for the success of democracy are morality, education and socio-economico-political consciousness. Leaders especially must be people of high moral character; otherwise the welfare of society will be jeopardized. But today in most democracies, people of dubious character and those with vested interests are elected to power. Even bandits and murderers stand for election and form the government. In almost all the countries of the world, the masses lack political consciousness. Cunning, erudite politicians take advantage of this shortcoming to confuse people and attain power. They resort to immoral practices such as bribery, vote rigging, booth capturing and buying of votes, and stand unopposed for elections. Consequently, the standard of morality in society is declining, and honest, competent people are relegated to the background. Moral leaders have less chance to win elections because election results are rigged through financial inducements, intimidation and brute force. In the present democratic system, all sorts of immoral and corrupt practices are given the opportunity to pervert society. The very nature of the present system is that it favors the capitalists and exposes the administration to immoral and corrupt forces.</div>
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The farce of democracy has been likened to a puppet show where a handful of power hungry politicians pull the strings from behind the scene. In liberal democracies, capitalists manipulate the mass media such as the radio, television and newspapers, while in socialist democracies the bureaucrats lead the country to the brink of destruction. In both forms of democracy, there is little scope for honest, competent leaders to emerge in society, and virtually no possibility for the economic liberation of the people.</div>
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Political democracy has become a great hoax for the people of the world. It promises the advent of an era of peace, prosperity and equality, but in reality it creates criminals, encourages exploitation and throws common people into an abyss of sorrow and suffering. The days of political democracy are numbered. Prout demands economic democracy, not political democracy. To make democracy successful, economic power must be vested in the hands of the common people and the minimum requirements of life must be guaranteed to all. This is the only way to ensure the economic liberation of the people.</div>
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Prout’s slogan is: “To end exploitation we demand economic democracy, not political democracy.”</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-6569772625845167822018-02-01T06:08:00.000-08:002018-02-01T06:49:23.717-08:00पी.बी.आई. का उद्देश्य<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">पी</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">बी</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">आई</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">. </span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">वैचारिक और </span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">आदर्शनिष्ठ</span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">पार्टी है। यह देश की राजनीति में एक नई शुरुआत है। नैतिकता को पी</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">बी</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">आई</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal" , serif; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">. </span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">राजनीति में भाग लेने वालों की न्यूनतम योग्यता मानता है। राजनीति अनैतिकों की सैरगाह नहीं होनी चाहिए। </span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">पी</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">बी</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">आई</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">. </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">का संकल्प है देश में </span></span></span><i><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">1) </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">नैतिक नेतृत्व और </span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">2) </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">विकेन्द्रित अर्थव्यवस्था की स्थापना करना।</span></span></span></i></div>
<div align="justify" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">नैतिक नेतृत्व </b></span></span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">: </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">आज देश और समाज में जितनी भी समस्याएँ हैं उसके लिए प्रत्यक्ष या अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से नेता ही जिम्मेदार हैं। दोषपूर्ण नेतृत्व के कारण आज देश तबाही के कगार पर खड़ा है। आज राजनीति में अनैतिक और भ्रष्ट नेताओं का प्रभाव इतना बढ़ गया है कि नेता होना भ्रष्ट होने का पर्यायवाची बन गया है। राजनीति धनबल</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">बाहुबल</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">परिवारवाद तथा जाति और संप्रदाय के समीकरणों का खेल बन कर रह गई है</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">; </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">नैतिकता</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">चरित्र और आदर्श की बात करना मूर्खता समझी जाती है। इसलिए ज्यादातर लोग राजनीति के प्रति उदासीन हो गए हैं और उनमें सामाजिक</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">तथा</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> अर्थनैतिक जागरूकता का भी अभाव है।</span></span></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">इन निराशाजनक परिस्थितियों में पी</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">बी</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">आई</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">. </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ने नैतिकता पर आधारित राजनीति की स्थापना का संकल्प लिया है। पी</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">बी</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">आई</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">. </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">चाहता है </span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">कि</span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> राजनीति सिर्फ नैतिक व्यक्तियों का ही कार्यक्षेत्र हो और इसमें अनैतिक लोगों का प्रवेश कानूनी रूप से प्रतिबंधित होना चाहिए। पी</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">बी</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">आई के अनुसार एक आदर्श नेता को व्यक्तिगत और सामाजिक जीवन में व्यवहार के कुछ निश्चित सार्वभौमिक नैतिक नियमों का पालन अनिवार्य रूप से करना चाहिए। </span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">दुखी मानवता के प्रति निश्छल प्रेम</i></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> तथा </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">कथनी और करनी में समानता </i></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">उसके न्यूनतम अनिवार्य गुण होने चाहिए। इसलिए हालाँकि कोई भी देशवासी पी</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">बी</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">आई</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">का प्राथमिक सदस्य बन सकता है</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">लेकिन सक्रिय सदस्य बनने के लिए उसे कुछ शर्तों का पालन करना होगा</span></span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">।</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">विकेन्द्रित अर्थव्यवस्था</b></span></span> </span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">: </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">पी</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">बी</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">आई</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">. </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">का मानना है कि गरीबी</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">बेरोजगारी</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">मंदी</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">महंगाई</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">भ्रष्टाचार</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">बढ़ते अपराध</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">आतंकवाद</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">महिलाओं के शोषण</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">पर्यावरण असंतुलन</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">अपसंस्कृति आदि के लिए अनैतिक नेताओं द्वारा पोषित</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">पूँजीवादी अर्थव्यवस्था ही ज़िम्मेदार है।</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> आज </span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">18 </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">साल का होते ही प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को वोट देने का अधिकार तो मिल जाता है</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">परन्तु रोजगार का नहीं</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">; </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">रोटी</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">कपड़ा</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">मकान</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">चिकित्सा और शिक्षा जैसी न्यूनतम आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति की कोई गारंटी नहीं है। </span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">50 </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">प्रतिशत देशवासी दिनभर में </span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">50 </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">रुपये भी नहीं कमा पाते हैं</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">; </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">अन्नदाता किसान आत्महत्या कर रहा है और मज़दूर का भरपूर शोषण हो रहा है। ज्यादातर आबादी की क्रयशक्ति खत्म हो जाने के कारण देश भारी मंदी की चपेट में है। मंदी और विदेशी सामान की बिक्री की दोहरी मार से छोटे</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">–</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">छोटे ही नहीं बल्कि सैकड़ों बड़े उद्द्योग भी बंद हो गए</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">जिसकी वजह से बेरोजगारी में भारी बढ़ोतरी हुई है। शोषित और पीड़ित अपढ़ लोग ही नहीं बल्कि पढ़े</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">–</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">लिखे युवा भी अच्छे अवसरों के अभाव में अपराध और आतंकवाद की ओर बढ़ रहे हैं। वहीँ देश के एक प्रतिशत धनी लोग देश की </span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">50 </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">प्रतिशत सम्पदा के स्वामी हैं।</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">इन परिस्थितियों में पी</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">बी</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">आई</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">. </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को न्यूनतम आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति की संवैधानिक गारंटी देना चाहता है</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">और रोजगार के अधिकार को मौलिक अधिकार बनाना चाहता है</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ताकि सबके पास क्रयशक्ति हो और हमें गरीबी रेखा की आवश्यकता ही नहीं रहे। साथ ही मौजूदा आर्थिक विषमता को खत्म करने के लिए पी</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">बी</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">आई</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">. ‘</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">अमीरी रेखा</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">‘ </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">लाना चाहता है</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">अर्थात धन</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">–</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">संग्रह की एक अधिकतम सीमा सुनिश्चित कर सीमित भौतिक संसाधनों की बन्दर बाँट ख़त्म करना चाहता है। गरीबी रेखा का अर्थव्यवस्था में कोई प्रावधान ही नहीं होना चाहिए।</span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="border: 0px; font-family: "mangal"; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">न्यूनतम और अधिकतम सम्पत्ति की सीमा निर्धारित करने के अलावा कृषि को उद्द्योग का दर्जा देकर</span></span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">कृषि</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">उद्द्योग</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">,</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">वाणिज्य</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">व्यापार आदि को विकेन्द्रित ढंग से पुनर्गठित करना भी पी</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">बी</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">आई</span></span></span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">. </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="hi-IN" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">का उद्देश्य है।</span></span></span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-20844211856158431612018-02-01T06:06:00.000-08:002018-02-01T06:49:59.053-08:00नैतिक की पहचान<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
आज जीवन के हर क्षेत्र में भ्रष्टाचार मौजूद है,जिसने न सिर्फ मानव समाज को बल्कि पूरी सृष्टि को ही ख़तरे में डाल दिया है। आम लोगों द्वारा ज्यादातर मजबूरी में किये गए भ्रष्टाचार की अपेक्षा समाज के नेताओं व तथाकथित शिक्षित लोगों द्वारा किये गए भ्रष्टाचार से आज हमें ज्यादा नुकसान पहुँच रहा है।</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjLufTP0RDPekKWCUxeAxsic80aULsjhbja4ttJR64-lLM1vO3fDWhm6dpMg2JUyil94i43LrO7-2xGzzHBuo2e7SrZTg_ifoCxtJcY85x38baMMqHdfMklPhEu07tpjHVQ8XBetgEcSqs/s1600/8443366_s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="400" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjLufTP0RDPekKWCUxeAxsic80aULsjhbja4ttJR64-lLM1vO3fDWhm6dpMg2JUyil94i43LrO7-2xGzzHBuo2e7SrZTg_ifoCxtJcY85x38baMMqHdfMklPhEu07tpjHVQ8XBetgEcSqs/s200/8443366_s.jpg" width="200" /></a>कहा जाता है कि सरसों से भूत भागता है। पर यदि सरसों में ही भूत छिपा हो तो? इतिहास गवाह है कि भ्रष्टाचार के खिलाफ बोलने,लड़ने और उस नजर रखने वाले भी प्रायः भ्रष्ट हो जाते हैं। इसलिए भ्रष्टाचार के खिलाफ कानून बनाना, उस पर नज़र रखने वाले लोग नियुक्त करना और दोषियों को सजा देना – सब सही है, परन्तु यह स्थाई समाधान नहीं है, क्योंकि नजर रखना और फिर नजर रखने वालों पर नजर रखने का यह सिलसिला अंतहीन हो सकता है — तथा परिणाम अधिक लाभदायक नहीं हो सकता है। अच्छे-अच्छे कानून बने हुए हैं परन्तु उनके पालन का सर्वथा अभाव है।</div>
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यदि हम स्थाई समाधान चाहते हैं तो हमें भ्रष्टाचार और उसके कारणों को समझना होगा। झूठ बोलना, पक्षपात करना या रिश्वत लेने-देने आदि को ही आज मुख्यतया भ्रष्टाचार समझा जाता है। परन्तु यह भ्रष्टाचार की अत्यंत सीमित परिभाषा है। भ्रष्टाचार का मतलब है भ्रष्ट आचरण या गलत व्यवहार। भ्रष्ट आचरण क्या है इसके लिए हमें जानना होगा कि सही आचरण क्या है। ऐसे कौन से नियम हैं जिनका पालन करने से कोई भी व्यक्ति नैतिक बन सकता है और भ्रष्टाचार से दूर रह सकता है ? ऐसे कौन से मानदण्ड हैं जिनके आधार पर हम नैतिक व्यक्ति को पहचान कर उसे महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्यों और नेतृत्व की जिम्मेदारी सौंप सकते हैं ?</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">नैतिक</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">व्यक्ति</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">के</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">गुण</strong></div>
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जो कोई भी एक आदर्श मनुष्य बन कर स्वयं एवं समाज को सही दिशा में ले चलने की इच्छा रखता है उसे स्वयं के प्रति और समाज के प्रति व्यवहार के कुछ विशेष नियमों का पालन करने के लिए संकल्पित होना होगा। ये आजमाए हुए नियम हर मनुष्य के द्वारा पालन किये जा सकते हैं चाहे वह किसी भी लिंग,जाति,संप्रदाय,देश,मजहब या भाषा का हो। ये नियम निम्नलिखित हैं:</div>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">अहिंसा</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</strong> नैतिक व्यक्ति किसी भी जीव को मन,वचन और कर्म से कष्ट नहीं पहुँचाएगा। वह व्यक्तिगत जीवन में अधिक से अधिक सहनशील होगा,हालाँकि जान बचाने के लिए की गई हिंसा, अहिंसा विरुद्ध नहीं है। सामूहिक जीवन जैसे परिवार या समाज पर आये किसी संकट का भी वह तुरंत उचित जवाब देगा।</li>
</ol>
<ol start="2" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">सत्य</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</strong> दूसरे के हित को ध्यान में रख कर मन के भाव और वचनों का उपयोग करना सत्य कहलाता है। जैसा हुआ या हो रहा है वैसा ही बताना ‘ऋत'(फैक्चुअल ट्रूथ) कहलाता है। प्रायः सत्य और ऋत में कोई अंतर या टकराव नहीं होता परन्तु ऐसा होने पर सत्य का ही पालन किया जाना चाहिए।</li>
</ol>
<ol start="3" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">अस्तेय</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</strong> चोरी न करना और किसी का भी जायज हक़ न मारना ‘अस्तेय’ कहलाता है। चोरी न करना ही नहीं बल्कि चोरी करने के विचार का भी त्याग कर देना होगा।</li>
</ol>
<ol start="4" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">अपरिग्रह</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</strong> अपने और अपने पर आश्रित लोगों की वर्तमान व भविष्य की आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति के लिए पर्याप्त व्यवस्था करने के पश्चात संपत्ति का संग्रह न करना अपरिग्रह कहलाता है। चूँकि दुनिया में भौतिक सम्पदा सीमित है इसलिये सामूहिक हित को ध्यान में रख कर नैतिक मनुष्य अनावश्यक संग्रह के मानसिक रोग से हमेशा बचने की कोशिश करेंगे।</li>
</ol>
<ol start="5" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">समदर्शिता</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</strong> दुनिया की हर जीव और निर्जीव वस्तु को एक परम सत्ता या शक्ति (सुप्रीम पॉवर) की अभिव्यक्ति मान कर उसके साथ उचित व्यवहार करना समदर्शिता कहलाता है। ऐसा ही मनुष्य लिंग, रंग, जाति, भाषा, मजहब, देश आदि के छोटे-छोटे दायरों से ऊपर उठ कर बिना घृणा या मोह के हर परिस्थिति में उचित निर्णय ले सकता है।</li>
</ol>
<ol start="6" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">शौच</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</strong> अपने शरीर,कपड़ों, भोजन तथा वातावरण को साफ़ रखना बाहरी शौच या सफाई कहलाता है। जबकि मन को घृणा, द्वेष, बदले की भावना,परनिंदा आदि से दूर रखने का सतत प्रयास करते रहना आतंरिक शौच कहलाता है। नैतिक बनने के इच्छुक व्यक्ति को दोनों तरह के शौच पर नजर रखनी होगी।</li>
</ol>
<ol start="7" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">संतोष</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</strong> अपने द्वारा किये गए कार्य का जो भी उचित फल या मेहनताना मिले उसमें संतुष्ट होना संतोष कहलाता है। इससे मनुष्य लालच में नहीं फंसता और भोग की अंधी दौड़ में नहीं पड़ता। हालाँकि अपने हक़ के लिए लड़ना सन्तोष विरुद्ध नहीं है। अपरिग्रह का पालन किये बिना संतोष प्राप्त करना संभव नहीं है।</li>
</ol>
<ol start="8" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">तप</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</strong> लक्ष्य प्राप्ति के लिए शारीरिक अथवा मानसिक कष्ट उठाना तप कहलाता है। लक्ष्य जितना बड़ा होता है उसके लिए उतना ही अधिक कष्ट भोग करना पड़ता है। तप का पालन करने से मनुष्य की इच्छाशक्ति मजबूत होती है और मानसिक पवित्रता आती है। नैतिक मनुष्य के लिए तप का अर्थ है उन लोगों या जीवों के उत्थान के लिए कष्ट उठाना जो शारीरिक, मानसिक,आध्यात्मिक,सामाजिक या आर्थिक रूप से पिछड़े हुए हैं।</li>
</ol>
<ol start="9" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">स्वाध्याय</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</strong> मनुष्य जैसा देखता,सुनता और पढ़ता है धीरे-धीरे वैसा ही बन जाता है। इसलिए एक नैतिक मनुष्य नियमित रूप से महान सदविचारों का अध्ययन व चिंतन-मनन कर उन्हें अपने जीवन में उतारने का प्रयास करता रहता है। इसे ही स्वाध्याय कहा जाता है।</li>
</ol>
<ol start="10" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ईश्वरनिष्ठा</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</strong> मनुष्य थोड़े समय के लिए पृथ्वी पर आता है और सुख-दुःख का भोग कर वापस चला जाता है। उसका आना-जाना उसके नियंत्रण में नहीं है; दुनिया में भी जिन वस्तुओं पर उसका जीवन निर्भर है वे भी मूल रूप से उसके द्वारा नियंत्रित और निर्मित नहीं हैं। कोई शक्ति या सत्ता है जो यह सब नियंत्रित कर रही है। संस्कृत में उस नियंत्रक सत्ता को ईश्वर(कंट्रोलर) कहते हैं। ईश्वरनिष्ठा का अर्थ है ‘मन को उस नियंत्रक सत्ता की शरण में ले जाना’।</li>
</ol>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
दुनिया में मनुष्य भय,लालच या श्रद्धा से ईश्वर के प्रतीकों के सामने सर तो झुका सकता है परन्तु उसके जीवन की सार्थकता उस सत्ता को अनुभव कर तृप्त होने में है। इसके लिए उसे आध्यात्मिक पद्धति का नियमित अभ्यास कर इस शरीर में रहते हुए ही मन के पार जाना होगा। जो इस प्रक्रिया में नहीं लगे हुए हैं और इस दुनिया को ही अंतिम सत्य मान कर पद,प्रतिष्ठा,पैसे और कामवृत्ति के पीछे निरंतर दौड़ रहे हैं, वे आखिरकार खुद को और दूसरों को ही नुकसान पहुँचाते हैं। जो नैतिक हैं या नैतिक बन कर देश,समाज या विश्व की अगुवाई करना चाहते हैं उन्हें जीवन को समग्रता में देखना सीखना होगा, तभी उन्हें दुनियावी सुख-दुःख डिगा नहीं पायेंगे।</div>
<ol start="11" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">क्षमाशीलता</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</strong> नैतिकों को व्यक्तिगत जीवन में अधिक-से-अधिक क्षमाशील होना चाहिए। यह गुण अहिंसा और मानसिक शौच से सम्बंधित है। यहाँ यह बात ध्यान रखने योग्य है कि किसी भी व्यक्ति को परिवार,समाज या देश की तरफ से किसी को क्षमादान करने का अधिकार नहीं है।</li>
</ol>
<ol start="12" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">आदर्श</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">के</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">लिए</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">त्याग</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</strong> आदर्श के लिए मनुष्य को व्यक्तिगत जीवन का सब कुछ न्यौछावर करने के लिए तत्पर रहना चाहिए।</li>
</ol>
<ol start="13" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">व्यक्तिगत</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">उदाहरण</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">प्रस्तुत</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">करना</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</strong> नेतृत्व करने वालों को व्यक्तिगत आचरण से दूसरों को सिखाना होगा अन्यथा वे पाखंडी समझे जायेंगे और लोगों पर उनकी बातों का कोई असर नहीं होगा। उन्हें अपनी कथनी और करनी में सदैव समानता रखनी है।</li>
</ol>
<ol start="14" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">परनिंदा</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">से</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">बचना</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</strong> जो नैतिक हैं, वे परनिंदा,छींटाकशी,बातूनीपन, गुटबाजी आदि से दूर रहते हैं।</li>
</ol>
<ol start="15" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">जिम्मेदारी</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">की</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">भावना और अनुशासनप्रियता</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</strong> नैतिक व्यक्ति जो भी कार्य हाथ में लेते हैं उसे जिम्मेदारी से निभाते हैं और भूल होने पर तुरंत गलती मान कर उचित दंड के लिए तैयार रहते हैं। नैतिक व्यक्ति हमेशा अनुशासन का पालन करते हैं।</li>
</ol>
<ol start="16" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">विनम्रता</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">:</strong> विपरीत स्वभाव के व्यक्ति के संपर्क में आने पर भी नैतिक व्यक्ति खुद को घृणा, क्रोध और घमंड से दूर रखते हैं।</li>
</ol>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
उपरोक्त गुण जिस व्यक्ति में जितनी ज्यादा मात्रा में मौजूद हैं वह उतना ही बड़ा नैतिक है और उसे उतना ही महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्यभार या पद दिया जाना चाहिए। सत्ता ऐसे लोगों के हाथ में ही केंद्रित होनी चाहिए, तभी विश्व का वास्तविक कल्याण सम्भव है।</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
(प्रउत-प्रणेता <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">श्री</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">प्रभात</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">रंजन</strong> <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">सरकार</strong> की शिक्षाओं पर आधारित)</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-32919833806706168562018-01-30T20:21:00.001-08:002018-01-30T20:21:12.317-08:00Other Policies<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRR4iyoynh90OpS9wG2YWpYrG1G7XaVS5kH_QcH8rtDcbi-VFKAi94EgqyObZDyq3Idp083IylpmERTe9eihW_swFokhv-CX7ScCUK_Zq4W9lWWDWqc9ABdnnyKvudY6F95xw5ilcNnOIx/s1600/policies-150x150.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="150" data-original-width="150" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRR4iyoynh90OpS9wG2YWpYrG1G7XaVS5kH_QcH8rtDcbi-VFKAi94EgqyObZDyq3Idp083IylpmERTe9eihW_swFokhv-CX7ScCUK_Zq4W9lWWDWqc9ABdnnyKvudY6F95xw5ilcNnOIx/s200/policies-150x150.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="background: white; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
It is really painful to find that even in highly scientific
and technical times workers, both at the desk and at machines, are required to
work a minimum of 8—12 hours a day. Finding no alternative, people are forced
to submit to this inhuman workload. Therefore Prout declares:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Hours of work, among all types of workers, will
be reduced to half the present amount, i.e. to 4—6 hrs a day, so that workers
are free to engage in higher pursuits such as art, literature or spiritual
practice for which they find no time at present despite keen interest.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Physical, mental and spiritual potentialities of
both individuals and society will be utilized to the maximum. No person will be
forced to sit idle for the want of employment. Boys and girls below 18 yrs. of
age will not be employed in service.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Communication policy<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
At present, both public and private agencies are
managing the most powerful means of communication i.e. TV and radio while other
effective means of communication, including newspapers and magazines, are
managed mainly by private or corporate people. Both wish to propagate their own
interests and thus, by and large, communicate and publish twisted, distorted,
even false, reports which become quite misleading and confusing to the people.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Therefore Prout proposes to establish a
completely autonomous and self regulating media authority, totally free of any
outside interference, for disseminating correct information to the people and
for providing a high standard of cultural and educational programming in place
of the large number of tasteless and degrading foreign programs which are
presently spoiling the impressionable minds of our children. The expenses of
the media authority will be borne by the government.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Energy Policy<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Due to our present dependence on foreign
resources for crude oil and nuclear energy we are obliged to make many
compromises in our trade relations as well as in foreign policy. Proutists will
explore domestic resources in the former while for the latter, uranium and
thorium, available in our country, will be converted into high grade material
and utilized in full.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
At the same time, Proutists will thoroughly
explore and utilize abundant renewable sources of energy such as solar energy,
wind energy, hydro-electric pan-chakkis (water wheels) and mini-dams.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
With the help of election reforms, policies of
local employment, and village level management of education and health-care
significant energy savings can be achieved. Extravagant consumption of either
fuel or electric energy will also be curtailed creating additional constraints
on excessive demand.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Export Import Policy<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Today we are engaged in import and export
primarily for profit. Proutists, however, will support import and export only
when there is shortage or excess of commodities. Luxury goods will not be
allowed to be imported. All efforts will be made to produce necessary
commodities in our own country. As far as possible even defense needs will be
met locally in order to be self sufficient. It is well known that those arranging
foreign defense contracts receive lucrative commissions. The attraction of
these commissions has resulted in the neglect of local research and development
in defense. Proutists will end this type of corruption and strengthen the local
defense industries.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Development Policy<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
The main aim of our development policy will be
all round progress and prosperity of our people. Construction of roads,
educational institutions, bridges, dams, canals, power generation plants and
creation of afforrestation projects will be undertaken by means of circulation
of money and by using our own indigenous technology and natural resources. No
loan will be taken from the World Bank, IMF or other foreign financial agency
for our basic development projects.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Presently all public works contracts are given
to contractors who, in conspiracy with the departmental staff and engineers,
have no qualms about using inferior materials or delaying and prolonging the
work and putting the public to great inconvenience. As a result very sub-standard
work is being done which requires frequent repairs and thus keeps benefiting
all concerned.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Proutists will not encourage the
tender/contractor system in public works. Instead, work-brigades of
approximately a thousand people, headed by senior, honest, hard working and
capable officers of the rank of at least a chief engineer or major–general
(chosen meticulously), will be created at the level of each division. These
work brigades, in addition to looking after the works in their division, will
also be entrusted with central projects whenever needed. They will be given
full autonomy and power in their work.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Through these work-brigades it will be ensured
that all works are finished speedily, even ahead of time, without putting the
general public to any undue inconvenience.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Protection of Biodiversity<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
In the name of development we have almost
destroyed biodiversity. Rivers have become dry due to innumerable dams and
diversions, mountains have been denuded and we are facing the specter of alpine
snow fields and glaciers melting away completely in the near future. Forests
have been indiscriminately felled and air and water are heavily polluted. It
appears that we have identified progress with the number of cars running on the
streets. Emissions of CFC are damaging the stratosphere and human civilization
is threatened by the greenhouse effect. Thousands of species have either
vanished or are near to extinction.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
All this is due to thoughtless exploitation of
natural resources with no regard for the future – especially fossil fuels and
coal. Proutists recognize that everything in the universe has been created by
Parama Purus’a. As such, all beings, including inanimate objects such as earth
and stones, have an equal right to exist. Therefore, a policy which neither
halts progress nor endangers any kind of life on this planet will have to be
adopted. A rational and balanced outlook to the use of resources is required.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
As the demand for energy is such a big factor in
the exploitation of resources, Proutists will make all efforts to develop
alternative and green sources of energy. Since vehicles are the biggest source
of hazardous emissions, long range electric vehicles will be developed and
utilized. The manufacture and use of public as opposed to private transportation
will be encouraged. Considering the situation it may be necessary to place
restraints on use of private vehicles. Convoys carrying VIPs will have no place
in Prout’s Economy<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Forests, rivers, mountains and their flora and
fauna will be protected vigilantly. Mining will be allowed only after
thoroughly assessing its pros and cons and impact on the environment. If mining
is permitted rehabilitation of the adivasis or local populations inhabiting
such areas will be arranged.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
An ombudsman will be appointed to supervise and
control all such activities. He/she will be given all powers necessary to
discharge such duties. His/her position will be safeguarded by the
constitution.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Rural Regeneration<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
So far only urban development has been
emphasized in India. Rural development has either been side-tracked or given
nominal importance merely to attract rural votes. Proutists will reverse this
situation and their main emphasis will be on developing rural areas. The
majority of development funds will be allocated for rural upliftment and
regeneration.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Innovative proposals will be invited for rural
development. Proutists will create and implement plans for grouping neighboring
villages into single blocks or clusters with a population of approximately one
lakh people, encouraging them to merge their lands and economic interests to
form viable agricultural cooperatives. Small cottage industries based on local
raw materials, agricultural produce and small agrico industries (tools,
fertilizers, etc.) will be established by the government from their development
budget and then handed over to deserving unemployed local youth who will run
them and pay back the investment in easy installments to the government.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
One boys’ and one girls’ college up to inter
level will be opened in each cluster. A modern hospital with mid-level medical
and surgical facilities and separate wards for males and females holding 50
beds each will be set up in the central place of each cluster. Doctors and
staff employed there will be provided with free furnished accommodation with
modern facilities. Hospital staff will be given an extra rural allowance
equivalent to their basic salary plus all other remunerations. Two children of
each family whose mother or father work in the hospital will be allowed free
education and a reasonable boarding and lodging allowance up to intermediate
level in a school of their choice and academic standard. This will attract good
doctors and nursing staff who, up to the present time, have been reluctant to
join rural health-centers.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
For security and allied matters, a police
station with sufficient staff and infra-structure headed by an officer not
below the rank of Dy. SP, will also be established with each such rural
cluster.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
A stadium of reasonable size with proper
infrastructure for catering to the needs and aspirations of growing young men
and women in sports and athletic activities will also be established in each
cluster. This will go a long way towards bringing out talent athletes in
different disciplines and preparing them for national, international and
Olympic events.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Efforts will be made to modernize the villages
in each cluster but through awareness-raising and education rather than by
force.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Price Fixation Policy<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
The price of commodities is the biggest problem
facing today’s consumers. Prices are determined by supply and demand. Consumers
cannot be certain of the price of any commodity even within the span of a year.
Greedy and the unscrupulous people continually manipulate the market.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Proutists will not permit such volatility.
Prices will be fixed on the basis of inputs and costs of materials and labor.
Thus price stability for a reasonable time will be assured. Prices of fruits,
vegetables and agricultural produce will also be fixed on this basis. This will
protect the interests of both farmers and consumers.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Establishing Economic Democracy and Restoring
India’s Greatness<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Despite India having adopted a democratic system
of government, due to wrong economic policies, mostly urban rather than rurally
focused, about 77% of our people live in dire poverty. Economic power and
wealth has become concentrated in the hands of a select few. As unemployment
rises the political vultures lure the poor and helpless with promises of
employment through various tantalizing schemes whose only real purpose is to
secure votes and keep their kursi intact.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
They haven’t hesitated to divide society into
sects, classes or communities for their vested interest. Th right to vote has
become a mockery carrying no real substance. Once the votes are cast the game
is over!<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
People are deprived of the social, economic and
political justice enshrined in the constitution by our founding fathers. This
great betrayal of our original ideals has left the majority of the population
fragmented, torn, depressed and hungry.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Different political parties, with their
manifestos and supporters, have so far failed to fulfill the dreams of the
brave sons and daughters of mother India who sacrificed their all for the
freedom and prosperity of their beloved country. They have shown neither the
vision nor the character required to fulfill the aspirations of the people. In
light of this situation, Proutist Bloc, India has taken a vow to fulfill the
expectations and aspirations of the people through its well-developed cadre and
policies and through extensive and intensive schemes and projects summarized
briefly in the foregoing pages, especially in the grossly neglected rural areas
where over 70% of the people reside.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
PBI will not only direct its energies towards
economic, social, political, administrative and judicial rejuvenation. It will
also focus on reviving the cultural, moral and spiritual ethos and values which
made India the light and leader of the world during a greater part of the
history of humanity.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
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</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-83081040094347900112018-01-30T20:18:00.003-08:002018-01-30T20:18:44.056-08:00Electoral Reforms<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="entry-content clearfix" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuMgRdURRcH94Q-CfJxSdhCUSSOlyzzyHaT1rdaROqX9xR88zOU92v9XoF8p8xPn7ttVQVXqlIYxvhqc_xUOPe5z8upA9bqFrHcK3Q23svSR6C8-6ziZgI_B5SY_7wYFMW-TxUaOzbA080/s1600/Electoral-reforms-150x150.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="150" data-original-width="150" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuMgRdURRcH94Q-CfJxSdhCUSSOlyzzyHaT1rdaROqX9xR88zOU92v9XoF8p8xPn7ttVQVXqlIYxvhqc_xUOPe5z8upA9bqFrHcK3Q23svSR6C8-6ziZgI_B5SY_7wYFMW-TxUaOzbA080/s200/Electoral-reforms-150x150.gif" width="200" /></a></div>
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Though the present form of democracy is popular with the common people many defects have crept into it. There is free and wide use of muscle and money power to influence voters. Diesel and petrol, which create a heavy drain on foreign exchange, are used by candidates as if they were flowing like water. There are no significant qualifying standards set for candidates with the result there is a massive influx of criminal and undesirable elements in to the government, in the states as well as at the Center. In coalitions even a weak partner with minimal numbers is capable of exerting undue pressure and distorting policies. There have been countless instances where minor coalition partners have become either corrupt or unscrupulous and had a negative impact on the entire democratic system with no legal consequences.</div>
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Considering these Prout declares:</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
All election expenses of a candidate will be borne by the government. After the registration process of the candidates is complete all candidates will be sponsored by the state and will only be allowed to use the same platforms for promoting their campaigns. All candidates will be provided equal opportunity for publicizing and promoting their programmes and ideology.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
No candidate will be allowed to use private motor vehicles, TV channels, radio stations, newspapers or magazines for publicity. Instead, every candidate will have equal access to these facilities at government expense.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
No candidate will be declared elected unless they secure over 50% of the votes. To avoid the possibility of no candidates achieving greater than 50% of votes, voters will have to indicate their second preference. Votes not carrying such a preference shall be cancelled.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Prime Ministers and Chief Ministers will be elected in a similar manner by the combined strength of both Houses at the Center and in the States. Where there is only one House that House will elect its Chief Minister.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
In order to qualify as a candidate the main qualification will be that the candidate is a moral person. Educational and other qualifications will also be there. Criminals, smugglers, mafia-men, drunkards or similar anti-social elements will not be allowed to contest.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
The election commission will be a constitutional body and will be fully independent. The election commission alone will decide who is fit for contesting elections and its order will be final subject to one review only.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
If charges have been laid against a person in a court of law in a criminal case carrying a maximum sentence of two years or more this shall be considered a sufficient reason to debar the person from contesting elections until he/she is exonerated by the court. A pending appeal against the sentence will not be a sufficient reason for allowing someone to contest.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
The above process will ensure the elimination of muscle and money power from the political arena and will also weed out criminal elements. At the same time it will go a long way towards encouraging moralists and worthy (though poor) people to be a part of the political process.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
During the past 46 years, after the passing away of Pt. Nehru, our experience with the present democratic system has been very disappointing and there is a demand for change. There has been a long period of “aya ram gaya ram” which threatened the stability of the government. With governments made up of coalitions, heads of government are forced to accept pressure from even weaker coalition partners with very few numbers. Many times the government in power has been forced to cave in to the unsavory demands of minority parties and ignore their unscrupulous and corrupt ways. On occasions there have also been unresolved clashes between state and central governments when the state has a different political dispensation than the center. Further confrontations have ensued between the government and the judiciary who, in the uncertain environment of political instability (and thus weakness), appear to have usurped even the administrative responsibilities of the state. Numerous other examples exist.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
In light of these problems Prout states that there is an urgent necessity for the creation of a Supreme Supervisory Authority which can play the role of watchdog over all three organs of the State i.e. Legislature, Executive and Judiciary and, whenever occasion demands, can take remedial measures without waiting for the ‘full term’ of the concerned body to expire.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
This proposal should be discussed and debated at the grassroots level. For this seminars and debates need to be organized at wider levels and a consensus obtained for giving the President broad executive powers to act with speed and strength through his Presidential Board whenever such eventualities arise. In order that the status and importance of the President be recognized and accepted by the country at large the President should be elected directly by the people with a majority of over 50%.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Similar provisions can be introduced in the states with the creation of ‘Raj Pal Boards’ in the course of time.</div>
<div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
PBI will work in this direction henceforth.</div>
</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-86181162685017619942018-01-30T20:17:00.001-08:002018-01-30T20:17:28.609-08:00Administrative and Judicial Reforms<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0H9omL5VPlWrdtLpwWsHsCBcUnB38Yzow8-6NRrbpoTDWk4T2xMKhdsjKFKPH808ACEEsSbu7Xg53U8Mi_ZRG7Uu-pbD7i3uESEVRtuOXIPdjLpmnDe88a6Df8PmH36ihMI75JOh5wZLU/s1600/judicial-reforms-150x150.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="150" data-original-width="150" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0H9omL5VPlWrdtLpwWsHsCBcUnB38Yzow8-6NRrbpoTDWk4T2xMKhdsjKFKPH808ACEEsSbu7Xg53U8Mi_ZRG7Uu-pbD7i3uESEVRtuOXIPdjLpmnDe88a6Df8PmH36ihMI75JOh5wZLU/s200/judicial-reforms-150x150.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="background: white; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
In a democracy the executive is normally understood to
comprise only the political leaders who are in charge of administration. In
India however, the bureaucracy, in practice, is also a part of the executive.
Though plans and projects are formulated by the politicians their
implementation is the exclusive domain of the bureaucrat. The present
bureaucratic system was designed by the British a very long time ago with the
limited purpose of maintaining the Raj. After Independence, however, India entered
an era of development which these bureaucrats have proved incapable of
handling. Hence, the necessity of wholesale reforms in both wings of
administration i.e. the IAS and the IPS.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Positions in both the services are filled
through the All India Competition. No doubt very sharp brains are attracted and
selected but it is only intelligence, memory and the capacity for hard desk
work that can be tested through such examinations. Many subjective and
objective qualities cannot be gauged through such a process. Such qualities can
only be developed through long experience and only tested in the field.
Moreover, there is no periodical qualitative assessment of performance. Once
entry is made one can aspire to reach the top just on the basis of seniority.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Reforms at both levels are therefore a must.
Without such reforms all schemes and projects will continue meeting the same
fate and the monster of corruption and inefficiency will continue to grow and
haunt us.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Therefore Proutists will make the following
reforms:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Instead of multiple levels of recruiting for
positions in either government administration or the police force there will be
only two levels of recruiting: one at the lowest level and the other at
officers’ level. From the ADM stage in government administration and from the
Dy SP level in the police force, recruiting for higher positions will be from
the entire field of eligible candidates: from the police side – personnel from
police and para-military services; from the administration side – personnel from
all types of civil services in both state and central administrations as well
as in the private sector.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
The higher services will be called the Higher
Police Service (HPS) and the Higher Administrative Service (HAS) respectively.
Members of these services will be entrusted with the jobs of SP and DM in the
districts and equivalent positions in other areas. Every promotion to a higher
position will be made by a specified Higher Services Commission in the case of
government administrators and by a Higher Police Commission in the case of
police officers. These Commissions will be permanently constituted for these
and other allied matters.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
The candidates for these higher services will be
scanned for integrity, dedication, motivation, efficiency and ability to weed
out corrupt and inefficient employees/officers at lower levels. There will be
little or no written examinations. The candidates will be judged on the basis
of their performance and integrity to date in their parent services or at their
places of posting.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
A Central Higher Services Commission will be
established who will exercise control and supervision upon the Higher
Administration Service and be responsible for all disciplinary actions and
promotions as well as transfers and postings outside the state of origin. This
Commission will also insulate the services from the vagaries of changes of
government at the state level or arbitrary transfers and suspensions by moody
CMs.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Similarly, a Higher Police Commission will be
established for the Higher Police Service that will work and exercise authority
in a similar manner.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Proutists believe that unless such radical steps
are taken with full zeal inefficiency and its concomitant hydra-headed
corruption will not abate despite the efforts of civil society, Anna Hazarreji,
Swami Ramdevji or others. The Lok Pal Bill also will not be able to do much in
the present dispensation.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Autonomous CBI<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Since the CBI, the highest investigating agency
in criminal matters in the country, works under the Central Home Ministry it is
bound to please its masters. The record shows that many cases of national
importance involving powerful persons were watered and no effective action was
taken against them. This cannot be allowed to continue and the CBI will have to
be made free from all encumbrances and organized on the pattern of the FBI as a
totally independent and autonomous agency.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Law and order is the States’ jurisdiction under
the Constitution. Many die-hard criminals, economic offenders, tax evaders,
cheats, frauds and perpetrators of violence (individual as well as collective)
get protection in their respective states. At times even riots or riot-like
situations take place while the Center remains a silent spectator. Thus
constitutional assurances concerning safety and security remain as mere
decorations without actual value.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
To ameliorate this painful situation Proutists
will bring the responsibility for Law & Order under the items included in
the Concurrent List.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Judicial System<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
The state of the judicial system in our country
is appalling. There are over 3 crore cases pending at different levels. It
takes decades to finalize civil matters. In criminal matters too sometimes
decisions are prolonged for very long periods. Litigants and witnesses are
compelled to attend court just to hear “adjourned” at the end of the day. This
is also a big source of corruption amongst court officials. Avoidable crowding
in court premises and huge losses of man-days result from these delays. Since
the courts are not answerable to any authority except Higher Judiciary
(specifically for district level courts), there is a total sense of
helplessness. Counsels extract their pound of flesh from litigants and the
whole system takes a heavy toll on the capacity to impart real, quick and
affordable justice. Prout stands for free justice for the needy.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
On top of this witnesses are either bought or
threatened by the powerful and rich. In many cases they are simply eliminated.
With no credible evidence available criminals are declared innocent even in
heinous crimes. Finally there is no law to protect witnesses. The end result is
a great miscarriage of justice.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Realizing such a sorry state of affairs in the
justice system, the most important pillar of democracy, Prout declares:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
To make justice free for all a large pool of
lawyers will be attached to every district. They will offer free professional
service to anyone who approaches them and will be paid from the government
treasury according to their effort and time spent. Such lawyers will be
debarred from private practice.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
For lawyers outside this pool remuneration will
be regulated according to the severity of the case and time spent.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
To ensure speedy disposal of cases hearing in
all cases, irrespective of their value or importance, whether civil or
criminal, will be made on a day to day basis. No adjournments will be allowed
once the case begins regular hearing except in exceptional circumstances.
Criminal cases must be decided within three months and civil cases within six
months from the date of the first hearing.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
A ‘Director of Prosecution’, or ‘Director of
Civil cases’ at the district level, will be appointed who will ensure the
attendance of witnesses and keep a close watch on the daily proceedings of each
case.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Provision will be made that a magistrate
attached to a police station will visit the crime scene and record primary
evidence on the spot. This evidence will be admissible in court safeguarding
against the possibility of a witness turning hostile at a later date.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Arrangements will be made to ensure the
protection and safety of witnesses or even the hiding of their identities
whenever necessary.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
The entire justice system will be independent
and work under the watch and control of a National Judicial Commission which
will be appointed for this and other purposes assigned to it.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
An All India Judicial Service will be appointed
and recruited in the same manner as the Civil Services. This service will
replace the various means of appointment in use today for filling judiciary
positions up to district level.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-91784683823910017482018-01-30T20:15:00.003-08:002018-01-30T20:15:46.292-08:00Industrial Policy<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6hk7fdiiZTls80GbfzReIW95VbYp3QEpOg68to6uWt7LXlabzlh1rMmFcBOwCI_RJ8iMZIx1RHNHwCMxp__VOiF0DeMCrOGw2yzStlb8cPgfsAwOqVksyjn-o_ng_z1yxLgpTXSSN62bC/s1600/industrial-policy-2-150x150.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="150" data-original-width="150" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6hk7fdiiZTls80GbfzReIW95VbYp3QEpOg68to6uWt7LXlabzlh1rMmFcBOwCI_RJ8iMZIx1RHNHwCMxp__VOiF0DeMCrOGw2yzStlb8cPgfsAwOqVksyjn-o_ng_z1yxLgpTXSSN62bC/s200/industrial-policy-2-150x150.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="background: white; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
In order to reverse the centralization of economic power in
the hands of a few, make sustainable use of local resources and bring
development to the rural areas Prout advocates that industrial units should be
established only in places where the raw materials for that particular industry
are available. At present, industry has been centralized only in a few places
like Kanpur, Delhi, Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Ludhiana etc.. Raw materials like coal,
steel, cotton etc. have to be imported from other places which puts a great
strain upon scarce energy resources such as diesel and petrol. This in turn
puts extra pressure on foreign exchange. Importing raw materials and exporting
finished products raises the price level and requires large scale migration of
labor to work in factories creating a serious imbalance in rural and urban
areas. All this dramatically increases ecological, habitat, transport, water,
electricity and slum problems which, at places like Delhi and Mumbai, have
created cultural maladjustments also.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
As such Prout’s slogan is: “Industries at the
places of their raw materials only”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
From the time of Jawaharlal Nehru India adopted
a mixed economy, meaning that some industries are simultaneously under the
control of the state and the private sector. Having already experienced the
failure of this approach, heavily losing state concerns are being sold to
either the private sector or to foreign companies in the name of
liberalization, rationalization, perestroika, reforms, investment (especially
FDI – foreign direct investment), etc.. At the end of the day, this policy will
have a serious negative impact on the economic health of the aam aadmi who
looks on helplessly at his own impending disaster. It also poses a threat to
the future integrity and sovereignty of our nation. We have not forgotten how,
slowly but steadily, the East India Company slipped through our gates, acquired
the whole country and became its master.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Therefore Prout declares that after confiscating
industrial units under private or foreign domination, industry will be
organized as follows:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Basic Industry: Spinning mills, petroleum
refineries, mining and metallurgy of iron, coal, silver, gold and other metals
and the production of basic materials such as bars of precious metals, iron
ingots and other such materials will be brought under the exclusive control of
the Central Government. The Central Government will run them on a no profit no
loss basis only at places where the raw materials they require are available
(as mentioned above).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Heavy Industries: Those units requiring basic
raw materials produced by basic industries will also be established at the same
locations or in their vicinity and will be under the control of the respective
State Governments. Only local people will be employed except in special
circumstances when proper technical personnel are not available locally. This
will be Prout’s permanent policy in order to provide full employment to the
local people, make them self sufficient and avoid the huge labor migrations
which are the current norm.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Agrico-industries: Industries producing
agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, agricultural
implements etc. will be established as cooperatives at the village, block and
district level, as the need may be. Here also local people will be preferred
for employment in such units.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Agriculture based industries: Units such as
flour mills, sugar mills, oil mills, dal mills, biscuit factories, bakeries,
fruit-juice factories, fruit processing industries, pickle making, dairy
products, paper manufacturing, etc. will be assigned to the villages or blocks
where the raw materials for them are easily available. They will all be run as
cooperatives employing local people which will boost the local economy.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Private Enterprise: Small enterprises such as
shops of all kinds, cafe’s, restaurants, dhabas, service units such as motor
garages, repair shops, tailoring shops, village and small scale industries,
etc. but requiring a limited capital investment, say 5 to 10 lakhs (to be
revised or modified according to time and place periodically), will be managed
by private individuals.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Agricultural Policy<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Presently, about 70% of the population subsist
on agriculture. There is a shortage of electricity and lack of irrigation
facilities in many states. As a result the entire agricultural output depends
on the monsoon. Fertilizers, seeds and pesticides are not available on time. On
top of this drought or floods spoil the crops. This saps the vitality of
Kissans and makes the viability of agriculture uncertain. Kissans often do not
receive even the cost of their inputs for their produce. This is why the
standard of living of Kissans is, by and large, very poor. Tragically, suicides
have become the order of the day. Prout declares the following steps to ameliorate
this desperate situation;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Agriculture will be declared an industry. As
basic raw materials like electricity, water or many other inputs are subsidized
for industry, similarly, fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, electricity, water,
etc. will be subsidized for agriculture. Prices of agricultural produce will be
linked to the prices of inputs and direct services employed in these
operations.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Since small holdings are insufficient to raise
the standard of living and make agriculture viable for Kissans Prout emphasizes
that agriculture will be re-organized according to the cooperative system
(efforts will be made through discussion and persuasion to include all holdings
in cooperatives) and it will be ensured that only 35 –40% people are engaged in
this profession while the rest are diverted to other gainful employment.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Agricultural produce such as atta, maida, sooji,
fruit juices, processed and canned fruits, pickles and other items made from
crops will be established exclusively in the villages and only finished
products requiring no further processing shall be sent to towns for sale.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
In the event of drought, floods or other natural
calamities, government will be liable to compensate the loss 100%. For such an
eventualities a National Agriculture Fund will be established.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-34127183970629316382018-01-30T20:13:00.002-08:002018-01-30T20:13:44.085-08:00Education and Healthcare<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivc4lIyORQQ0IaAN080yodear3mvair650ViXjsx5xZr7hy6ddO3HPTcAIarmGgbiQpoU4Kr7t1ELWHPxwGm2yaJOh1KwICU0ONfSYULD06zgxWQ5MxRJp0PR95d07vpwC43xm95G61uDn/s1600/education-and-healthcare-150x150.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="150" data-original-width="150" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivc4lIyORQQ0IaAN080yodear3mvair650ViXjsx5xZr7hy6ddO3HPTcAIarmGgbiQpoU4Kr7t1ELWHPxwGm2yaJOh1KwICU0ONfSYULD06zgxWQ5MxRJp0PR95d07vpwC43xm95G61uDn/s200/education-and-healthcare-150x150.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="background: white; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em>“Education is that which liberates from bondage”.</em><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
There are three types of bondages – mundane,
supra-mundane and spiritual. Mundane bondage relates to physical and worldly
wants like food, clothes, housing, education and health-care etc..
Supra-mundane bondage refers to mental inhibitions such as conservatism and
blind dogmatic belief in caste, race, creed, religion, region and customs.
Spiritual bondage is a result of rites, rituals and ignorance which keep man
away from realization of the Self or Atma. Real education, thus, is that which
is capable of liberating man from all the three kinds of bondages and leads one
to the Great Union.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Modern education, alas, has been unable to
liberate man even from the mundane bondage in our country. It is because of
this faulty system of education that social problems such as exploitation,
injustice, heinous crimes like murder and rape, dacoity, fraud, corruption,
communal violence, Naxalism, separatism, poverty, the growing gap between rich
and poor, dissatisfaction, even illness of many kinds have dramatically
increased and the whole country is baking in this fire.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
The human mind, shackled by various kinds of
bondages is crying for liberation. The question arises – is the present
education system capable of imparting such freedom to our imprisoned minds?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Even after 64 years of freedom the government of
India could not declare a uniform national education policy. The present system
is a hodge-podge of different viewpoints and methodology. Greed and capitalism
dominate a large part of the education system with the result that higher and
technical education has become so expensive that the poor, howsoever
meritorious, cannot even think of it. Education for the smartest students has
been hijacked by the private sector which has raised the fees sky high!<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Furthermore, there is a wide spread shortage of
faculty in all government institutions especially the higher and technical ones
mostly at university level. Almost all of them are infected with indiscipline.
In rural areas teachers’ valuable time is often spent in extra-curricular
activities outside their profession of teaching. These institutions even lack
basic infra-structure. That is why people in rural areas are compelled to send
their wards to private colleges in urban areas increasing their education bill
several times. With such an unnecessary influx, combined with lack of
employment and other factors, towns have now become cities and cities
mega-cities, causing a population explosion in every township and its attendant
negative side-effects.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Therefore Prout declares that it will bring out
a Uniform National Education Policy. Education will not be allowed to fall in
private hands. Education, including higher or technical, will be free right
from primary to university and will be made accessible to each and everyone
subject, of course, to the merit and capacity of the individual.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
The standard of education and educational
facilities in rural areas will be made equivalent to those in urban areas. Thus
there will be little scope for migration from rural areas on this account. The
meritorious may, of course, go out for higher or technical education.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
In addition to learning the most up to date
theory and practice in science, technology and humanities, students will be
also be given a thorough exposure to yoga and spirituality. For practical use
they will be taught yama niyama, asana and pranayama. In short, they will be
equipped with moral and spiritual values. This will go a long way towards
removing materialistic, conservative, dogmatic and immoral tendencies and will
bring a qualitative change in the social fabric of society.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Though the government will be made to bear all
the expenses of education it will not be allowed to interfere in education
policies or curricula. Educationists, thinkers and spiritualists of the highest
calibre will be entrusted with control of the education system.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
On completing education graduates will be given
apprenticeships according to their merit, interest and capability which will
prepare them for proper jobs and responsibility in the future. By guaranteeing
free education and liberating youth from the anxiety of unemployment a
qualitative improvement in social outlook will be ensured.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b>Healthcare
Policy<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
There are practically no healthcare facilities
in villages. People have to travel long distances even for routine checkups.
Even in towns government hospitals carry insufficient facilities either for
diagnostic purposes or for distributing medicines to the poor. Helpless
villagers and townspeople are compelled to purchase from outside sources.
Pharmaceutical companies have increased the cost of medicines so exorbitantly that
they have become out of reach of the poor who thus must often go without proper
care and treatment and trust their health to the grace of God! Whatever small
grants are provided from the government side get usurped by the staff due to a
high level of corruption.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Prout appreciates that healthcare is an area
which is a source of constant worry and insecurity for everyone and a major
factor causing people to engage in corruption out of concern for their future
care and security. Fear and uncertainty concerning peoples’ health needs will
have to be removed.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Considering these problems Prout declares:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Healthcare will be provided free of charge to
everyone and will include not only diagnosis and prescription of medicine but
all related procedures such as surgery (however expensive), transplants,
transfusions, food, accommodation, etc..<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Any negligence or carelessness will be treated a
crime and a cognizable offence.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
With the establishment of free and comprehensive
public healthcare private health centers, clinics, nursing homes and pharmacies
will have a very limited scope. However, here also, the fees charged for every
consultation, diagnosis, procedure or prescription will be regulated.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Provision will be made for special care of the
elderly so that they will not feel ignored, neglected or uncared for at the end
of their lives.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Rural areas will be fully covered and hospitals
will be established according to need and population with all medical
facilities, whether diagnostic, medicinal, surgical or pathological, of the
same standard available in urban areas.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Prout administration will ensure that there is
no discrimination between different sections of society or individuals in the
provision of medical care.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-72633641552464652392018-01-30T20:07:00.000-08:002018-01-30T20:10:12.909-08:00Introduction<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="background: white; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIDk1Uf_fsUVxPRWGFh6-hupLPwoiZ7jCW5_KF45cvuokECIgOhglDiyX8zkiWS_WjHY43H3N9w-uToC4cdfGmE7w76i5-TQB82oYHiEzTrRaHdx5T7ZCTGhuWEB8ql-W5RQkYoLDc4-Gf/s1600/the-beginning-road-sign-150x150.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="150" data-original-width="150" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIDk1Uf_fsUVxPRWGFh6-hupLPwoiZ7jCW5_KF45cvuokECIgOhglDiyX8zkiWS_WjHY43H3N9w-uToC4cdfGmE7w76i5-TQB82oYHiEzTrRaHdx5T7ZCTGhuWEB8ql-W5RQkYoLDc4-Gf/s200/the-beginning-road-sign-150x150.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
It was the brave sons and daughters of mother India who had
the courage and conviction to challenge the might of the British and fight
against their brutal exploitation and oppression. In the course of the struggle
they bore hardship, torture and indignation with an indomitable spirit. There
were many who sacrificed their lives. Their sacrifice was made in the hope that
an independent India would be committed to freedom, justice and fraternity;
that there would be no fragmentation on any ground and all would live in peace
and cooperation; that there would be no room for exploitation in any sphere –
political, social, economic or spiritual; that there would be all round
development which would uplift even the most downtrodden. In short, they
imbibed the spirit of the great poet, Rabindranath Tagore, who spoke of his
dream in his timeless patriotic song:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Where mind is without fear</em><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Where the head is held high</em><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Where knowledge is free</em><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Where the world is undivided by
narrow domestic walls</em><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Where the clear stream of
reason is not lost in dead customs</em><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Where tireless striving
stretches towards perfection</em><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">INTO that heaven of freedom, my
Father</em><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Let my country awake.</em><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Eventually we did achieve Independence and with
the above noble intentions we established India as a Republic on the
twenty-sixth of January 1950. But alas! The dreams and aspirations of our great
martyrs have been systematically betrayed and democracy has been hijacked by
the cunning, criminal, greedy and capitalistic forces. What we witness today is
injustice, exploitation, dadagiri, criminality and corruption in every phase of
life and every aspect of political structure. Consequently unemployment, gross
poverty, want and wretchedness, neglect and dereliction of duty have become the
rule while the poor, the masses, the aam aadmi look on helplessly.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
The greatest mockery is: to ward off the scare
of any agitation against this hopeless situation and to continue their sway
over kursi, society has been shrewdly divided into scheduled classes, dalits,
backwards and so on through the allurement of supports in the form of
Reservation which have further fragmented the already fragmented society. Thus,
instead of social cohesion Bharat stands today divided against itself and there
appears no chance of fraternity and cooperation.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Divisiveness, sectarian and communal hatreds
have raised their ugly heads. In this chaos and confusion, undoubtedly a great
nexus has developed between the wily politician, the greedy businessman and the
arrogant bureaucrat. This alliance has further aggravated the ugly situation
and accelerated the wheels of exploitation, corruption and injustice. There
appears no light at the end of the tunnel.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
To dispel this darkness, bring solace to the
suffering masses, and make independence and democracy meaningful, PROUT stands
for a balanced and decentralized economy, free from exploitation, which will
help eradicate unemployment, poverty, inflation and injustice, end social,
economic and political torture and establish a strong system of governance
responsive to the aspirations of aam aadmi. To achieve this objective PROUT
DECLARES:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Since God is the sole Creator of the entire
Universe, He alone is the owner of all animate and inanimate objects and we are
all His children. Therefore, we share a common fraternity which entitles us to
equal rights, as in a joint family, to utilize all the resources of this
planet. Hence all existing wealth such as rivers, streams, mountains, land,
forest and subterranean and oceanic resources such as minerals, metals, coal,
petroleum, etc. belong to all. No individual, group, region or country can have
sole claim over them. Rather, it is the common property of the entire human
race. As such, their utilization must be for the welfare of all.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
There are abundant resources for the survival
and well-being of all forms of life, whether plants, animals or human beings.
Death and deprivation are the result of poor utilization and unequal
distribution. Therefore the need of the hour is proper and maximum utilization
of these resources and their rational distribution.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Since all the physical resources (land, forests,
mountains, rivers, oceans, etc.) have been created by Parama Purusha and Parama
Prakrti for the benefit of all living beings, the produce derived from them –
food, clothes, fruits, vegetables, petroleum products, metals and minerals,
etc. – belong jointly to all. Hence, we have to work unitedly to fulfill the
wants of all sections and all individuals in the following manner:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
We need a socio-economic ideology which
eliminates the differences of caste, creed, class and community so inimical to
the all-round progress of our people and which establishes an egalitarian
society infused with the spirit of fraternity and cooperation.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Prout believes that this can be possible only
when our ideas have the Cosmic (universal) perspective derived from a spiritual
orientation. Hence, it advocates a system which is spiritually centered.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
We have to establish a system which guarantees
basic needs – food, clothes, housing, education, health-care, water,
electricity, transport and communication, etc.. For this sufficient purchasing
power must be guaranteed to all according to the needs of the times.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
According to Prout: <strong style="font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Yugasya sarvanimna prayojanam’
sarves’a’m’ vidheyam. “The minimum requirements of the age must be guaranteed
to all. “</strong><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Prout believes in granting special facilities
and privileges to talented individuals and persons at high places engaged in
essential public services such as education, higher administration, judiciary ,
scientific & technological research or who are otherwise specially
qualified. However, such facilities and privileges are to be arranged only from
the surplus remaining after the basic needs of all have been satisfied.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
According to Prout: <strong style="font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Atiriktam’ prada’tavyam’
gun’a’nupa’tena. “The surplus wealth should be distributed according to merit.”</strong><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
(Note: Point D safeguards against the
suffocation of talent and retardation of progress which resulted from the
communist fallacy of equal distribution or ‘to each according to his needs and
from each according to his capacity’. Point C protects us from the rampant
inequality characteristic of capitalism. In short, by combining C and D a
harmonious balance is struck between individual and collective needs).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Human beings prefer progress rather than
stagnancy. Therefore the standard of minimum requirements or basic necessities
must change with time and be progressive in nature. This will ensure social
progress.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
According to Prout: <strong style="font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Sarvanimna’ manabardhanam’
samaja jiiva laks’an’am. “Increasing the minimum standard of living of the
people is the indication of the vitality of society”.</strong><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Taking into account that world resources, though
vast, are limited, and being sharply aware that excessive accumulation by some
results in deprivation for others the PBI will fix the maximum limit of wealth
which can be held by individuals in order to guarantee the availability of the
basic necessities for all. Holding excess wealth will be considered a crime.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
According to Prout: <strong style="font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Sama’ja’deshana vina’
dhanasainchayah akartavya. “No individual should be allowed to accumulate any
physical wealth without the clear permission or approval of the collective
body”.</strong><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
(This will eliminate the gross inequality of
wealth occurring under the capitalist system and promote healthy and Sattvic
propensities. It will reduce opportunities for criminality and go a long way
towards establishing a perfect society. The resultant redistribution of wealth
will stimulate maximum production for the welfare of all.)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
In order to provide basic needs for all and make
them continually progressive (improving in quantity and quality) we will have
to make maximum utilization of all available mundane, rare and causal
(spiritual) resources.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Presently many educated people, even highly
qualified people, are without employment. At the same time, the resources at
hand are either not being fully utilized or are not being properly exploited.
The result is stagnancy and lack of progress. Hence, the resources will have to
be fully utilized in a sustainable manner i.e., considering ecology and long
term impact.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
We need moral people in every sphere of life –
social, political and economic. The masses of the poor are constantly cheated
and deceived by the immoral forces in a systematic way. Therefore Prout puts a
strong emphasis on morality.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
According to Prout:<strong style="font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;"> Cakrakendre sadvipra’h
cakraniyantraka’h. “Located in the nucleus of the social cycle, Sadvipras
(spiritually-minded leaders) control the social cycle”</strong><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Meaning: In the center of the social cycle,
there will be Sadvipras who will control the rotation of successive leading
groups (representing the dominant psychology of the age) and keep a watch on
the overall process of government. History shows that so far all the
revolutions have degenerated into chaos and confusion and lost the bright light
of the revolution in part because post-revolutionary leadership was not
separately evolved and the reins of government were entrusted to the same
people who had brought in change but who were unfit for the new role of
constructing society. According to Prout’s concept Sadvipras will not be part
of government rather they will be the watchdog of the government and its
institutions.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
(Sadvipras are those who are intellectually
keen, spiritually elevated and ready to fight against every kind of injustice
and exploitation.)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Essential Concrete Steps According to Prout:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
The vast body of economic resources seized by
the corporate sector, businessmen, bureaucrats and politicians will have to be
decentralized and entrusted to aam aadmi while dividing economic activity into
three tiers:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
V<em style="font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">ery large economic institutions and industries such as the
railways, electricity generation plants, transport systems, mining and
metallurgy etc, requiring large capital and personnel will be run by the
immediate local governments.</em><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Medium scale industries will be
run as cooperatives</em><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<em style="font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit;">Small scale enterprises can be
run by private individuals.</em><o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Note that 85% of the world’s wealth is owned by
a mere 17% of people. Thus only a mere 15% – crumbs from the table – remains
for the majority of the population. This indeed, perhaps more than any other
circumstance in the world today, is a crime against humanity. Should the 85% of
wealth presently in the hands of the few be re-organized and made available for
the welfare of all there would be all-round economic prosperity and the aam
aadmi, everywhere, would not have to starve or live in abject poverty.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
During the past 64 years we have adopted
economic policies in the form of mixed economy and liberalism which have led to
gross corruption and glaring disparity. These policies have been favorable to
the few and inimical to the people – so much so that while the bulk of the
population still languish in poverty there is a growing crop of billionaires
and some of the richest men in the world reside in India.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
The wages of kissan and mazdoors have been
raised by merely 2% per annum during the last 25 years while the wealthy
classes have gained by almost 25% per annum. While the Land Ceiling Act limits
the tilling of land by an individual to 12 ½ acres, vast amounts of fertile
land continue to be acquired from poor tillers in the name of development and
bartered to big builders who are minting money at the cost of poor kissans.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
Article 51-A of the Constitution has
specifically directed the State to make all attempts to narrow the gap between
rich and poor but, in total contradiction to this directive , almost everywhere,
whether Nandigram, Sangrur or Greater Noida, Jaitpur, the State machinery is
actively engaged in dislodging the poor and daridranarayan.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="background: white; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
In India today there are 84 crore poor whereas 7
crores are living in abject poverty and can hardly spend Rs. 9/- a day. In 1952
there were only 4 crores in this category. Taking into account our annual GDP
growth of 9% we can calculate that the benefits have reached only 3 crore of
our massive population of 120 crores. This makes it plain that these 2.5% of
people at the top are enjoying at the cost of the sweat and labor of the
remaining 97.5%. This criminal situation cannot be allowed to continue.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-8652483064090813212018-01-19T03:52:00.000-08:002018-01-19T03:52:18.602-08:00Glossary of Terms<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFRQ9DwvhHXQB3tvQtg43iQTaJyqdVwMcQC8UO9Y3GIRNmucM2J1uazPKdDRwPApsH5OwNIJnH6xrgwVVZT3Im7Ag7hjFxk1U1v6eLe1eI6VZzcwx9lA2qjSEF8W63-7pIpTI9jNUhix57/s1600/glossary-300x200.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="200" data-original-width="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFRQ9DwvhHXQB3tvQtg43iQTaJyqdVwMcQC8UO9Y3GIRNmucM2J1uazPKdDRwPApsH5OwNIJnH6xrgwVVZT3Im7Ag7hjFxk1U1v6eLe1eI6VZzcwx9lA2qjSEF8W63-7pIpTI9jNUhix57/s1600/glossary-300x200.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Anandam:</span></b> Infinite bliss, perfect mental peace; the transcendental state beyond pain and pleasure which characterizes Self-Realization or God-Realization. It is considered the goal of bhati (development and progress), of individuals and of society.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Asti:</span></b> Existence. In PROUT this encompasses the existential necessities of living beings and of society.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bhati:</span></b> Development and progress. In PROUT this encompasses the six factors necessary for social development and progress – spiritual philsophy, spiritual practice, socio-economic theory, social outlook, scriptures and preceptor.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dharma:</span></b> Innate purpose; for human beings, spirituality is their dharma.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ks’attriya:</span></b> The varna or social class which displays the warrior mentality; i.e. the class consisting of career soldiers, police, athletes, explorers, etc.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pragati:</span></b> Progress; movement which is leading toward betterment.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sadvipra: </span></b>An ideal human being. One whose every effort is for the attainment of anandam and the betterment of society; one who by virtue of tremendous capacity can accelerate the movement of the social cycle, thus minimizing the scope for an exploitative social order to develop. A Sadvipra also embodies the virtues of each varna.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sama Samaja Tattva:</span></b> The Principle of Social Equality; i.e. the principle of the basic equality and unity of all human beings in spite of tremendous diversity.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Samaj:</span></b> Society. Also refers to a socio-economic unit meeting certain other requirements (see Chapter Seven), such as having a thriving local culture, progressive government, and a Proutistic economic structure.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shastras (Dharma, Darshana, Samaja):</span></b> Spiritual, philosophical, and social scriptures.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shu’dra:</span></b> The varna or social class which displays a lack of mental vibrancy or higher aspirations; the uneducated masses.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Tantra Yoga:</span> </b>The science of expansion; the path which leads to the liberation of the self. This refers to the spiritual science incorporating intuitional practices (meditation and concentration), leading to the attainment of spiritual fulfillment (anandam).</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Varna:</span></b> Literally, “color.” In PROUT, this refers to one of the four psycho-social classes (shudra, ks’attriya, vipra, and vaeshya), who make up human society.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vaeshya:</span></b> The varna or social class which excels in the production, accumulation and management of resources; i.e. entrepreneurs, traders, industrialists, capitalists, etc.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Vipra:</span></b> The varna or social class characterized by engagement in mental pursuits; i.e. intellectuals, clergy, government ministers, artists, etc.</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-83709682650389029432018-01-19T03:51:00.000-08:002018-01-19T03:51:03.157-08:00Prout vs Capitalism vs Communism<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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To distinguish PROUT clearly from communism and capitalism, the significant differences between these respective systems are reviewed below.</div>
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<b> Human development:</b></div>
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Human development under communism is primarily concerned with the political and economic spheres of life. Under capitalism there is a pluralistic expression of personal <a href="http://www.speakingtree.in/public/topics/emotions/freedom" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #62a385; font-family: RobotoBold; text-decoration-line: none;">freedom</a>, with no clear conception of human potentiality. PROUT promotes the integrated development of the full human personality.</div>
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<b>Freedom: </b></div>
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Human liberty under communism is limited by the primacy of the interests of the state. Under capitalism, a licentious freedom of expression is permitted, but not a freedom from want and material insecurity. In practice, capitalist societies will restrict freedom of expression when this expression challenges the interests of capital. PROUT grants full freedom of psychic and <a href="http://www.speakingtree.in/public/topics/soul/spiritual" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #62a385; font-family: RobotoBold; text-decoration-line: none;">spiritual</a> expression, but recognizes the need for society to place limits on individual hoarding of wealth. Without this limitation, collective interests will be violated and universal freedom from want cannot be guaranteed.</div>
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<b>Privileged Interests:</b></div>
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Communism privileges the interests of the party and state. Capitalism gives primacy to property rights, and thus privileges the class controlling capital. PROUT gives central importance to promoting the common welfare while protecting ecological integrity.</div>
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<b>Progress: </b></div>
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Both communism and capitalism regard material development as the basis of progress. PROUT defines progress as the increase in inner fulfillment of individuals. While this is primarily a spiritual conception of progress, PROUT recognizes that material development is necessary as a foundation for seeking spiritual fulfillment. </div>
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<b>Culture: </b></div>
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Communism compels culture to be consistent with state ideology. Under capitalism, mass culture primarily serves commercial interests. As a result, it is creative but not authentic, energetic but often destructive of higher values. PROUT sees need for culture to emerge out of regional and ethnic experience, and for these diverse cultures to instill values which empower the human psyche.</div>
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<b>Motivation: </b></div>
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Communism emphasizes income equality at the expense of individual productivity. Capitalism's system of incentives motivates high productivity, but the excess of its monetary rewards wastes collective wealth, encourages greed, and disrupts social unity. PROUT strives for balance: maximizing the efficacy of incentive while minimizing social inequality. </div>
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<b>Environment : </b></div>
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Both communism and capitalism lack a clear value context for environmental protection. PROUT has adopted the value framework of Neo-Humanism, which affirms the inherent, existential value of all life. Both communism and capitalism are unsuited to sustaining environmental integrity because they emphasize short term gain of profit or productivity and ignore long term costs of environmental degradation. PROUT's planning system aims to create ever higher orders of balance, and therefore inherently protects biodiversity and promotes ecosystem vitality. </div>
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<b>Planning:</b></div>
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Under communism, economic planning is highly centralized and controlled by the state. Capitalism centralizes the major part of economic planning in the hands of huge, transnational corporations. PROUT decentralizes planning authority to the level at which people are most aware of economic problems and potentialities, and therefore best able to plan for their common welfare. </div>
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<b>Labor: </b></div>
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Workers in both communist and capitalist economies are alienated due to lack of ownership or control of their workplace. PROUT's enterprise system is based on worker participation in decision making and cooperative ownership of assets - conditions which increase motivation and enhance possibilities for personal fulfillment. </div>
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<b>Economy:</b> </div>
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Communism's command economy is responsive to production quotas. Capitalism's free market economy is profit motivated. PROUT's economy is consumption oriented. It seeks to increase consumer purchasing <a href="http://www.speakingtree.in/public/topics/emotions/power" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #62a385; font-family: RobotoBold; text-decoration-line: none;">power</a> and availability of consumer goods as the means for maintaining economic vitality and meeting people's amenity needs. </div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-22881216023163998792018-01-19T03:44:00.003-08:002018-01-19T03:44:42.437-08:00The Fundamental Principles of PROUT<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyhY2-dixFpp7poZaI98ASP9NRhqppU3loJBqjSjel5L1ZJLYTnzSQmsaTKWBKCqqc1zUIdQOZAKjiUT2M9g37FSV3Csq9m4S70w2zCShR1vlYueP7yUC0A18gax22CiHX1LOUbZwstXWy/s1600/220px-PROUT_SocialPyramid.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="159" data-original-width="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyhY2-dixFpp7poZaI98ASP9NRhqppU3loJBqjSjel5L1ZJLYTnzSQmsaTKWBKCqqc1zUIdQOZAKjiUT2M9g37FSV3Csq9m4S70w2zCShR1vlYueP7yUC0A18gax22CiHX1LOUbZwstXWy/s1600/220px-PROUT_SocialPyramid.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: green; font-family: inherit; font-size: large; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">T</span></b>he Progressive Utilization Theory, as previously discussed, incorporates a unique understanding of human potential, history and class dynamics, as well as a broad social, political and economic perspective. Despite its expansive scope, however, the essence of PROUT can be reduced to a number of basic principles. Shrii Sarkar, the author of the theory, summarized it in sixteen principles. These five are regarded as the most fundamental. They embody the multi-dimensional approach of PROUT, addressing the physical, mental and spiritual needs of individuals and society at large.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1) No individual should be allowed to accumulate any physical wealth without the clear permission or approval of the collective body.</b></span></div>
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Several points are embodied in this statement. The most important point is that ownership lies with the collectivity, while the individual has a right to usage only. Society shall have the right to determine to what extent private ownership will be accepted. The over accumulation of wealth by an individual may easily deprive others. Similarly, the misuse of wealth and resources by an individual may also bring harm to the collectivity, or at least hinder its general affluence. Therefore, the right to accumulate wealth cannot be accepted as final. Individual liberty, in the economic sphere, must be in balance with the collective well-being. This refutes the basic notion of capitalism, which allows virtually unlimited liberty for individual accumulation. This also refutes communist theory that prescribes uniform salaries to all, regardless of labor and merit. In the Proutist philosophy, absolute uniformity of wealth is viewed as idealistic and unpsychological, while unchecked accumulation is also to be avoided.</div>
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This principle also implies that the very notion of ownership may vary considerably according to the collective psychology. Obviously different notions have existed in this regard. A comparison between modern Western concepts of private ownership with those of various tribal societies of the past and present illustrates a difference in viewpoint. This first principle of PROUT essentially assures that the extent of private ownership will be in adjustment to the well-being of the collective. Note that no particular mechanism for determining ownership is specified, for such methods are also not absolute – it is only the general principle which is unchanging.</div>
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This principle is the basis for PROUT embracing economic democracy (as defined in Chapter Three) insofar as the notion of collective ownership implies a democratic approach to the utilization of resources.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2) There should be maximum utilization and rational distribution of all mundane, supramundane, and spiritual potentialities of the universe.</b></span></div>
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This statement supposes the existence of material as well as more subtle resources, which should be fully utilized and distributed in a rational manner. For the maximum utilization of physical resources, constant scientific endeavor must be made to understand the latent potentials of the physical world. No one would have imagined the latent potentials of the atom a few decades before its energetic potential was harnessed, regardless of how one may feel about the uses made of the discovery. Newer and better ways must be found to get maximum benefits from minimal resources, reducing environmental impact and increasing efficiency. Constant endeavor to find uses for different resources (such as the medicinal use of plants) will increase the potential standard of living.</div>
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However, depending upon the distribution of wealth, a high standard of living for the general population may or may not be guaranteed. Hence rational distribution of wealth is necessary. Though different opinions may exist upon what is considered rational distribution, clearly a need-based, rather than profit driven economy will lead to a more rational (and more equitable) distribution of wealth. This principle of PROUT contains the philosophical basis for the guarantee of the basic needs. This is achieved by providing employment opportunities in those industries that produce products and services to meet these needs and by ensuring that the jobs created provide adequate purchasing power to secure the essential products and services.</div>
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Rational distribution, as opposed to equal distribution, may also include the recognition of special needs and reward for special abilities. The idea of maximum amenities for all is derived from this principle. Indeed, many of the basic principles of the PROUT economic system are based upon the ideal of maximum utilization and rational distribution – including cooperatives, decentralization, etc. PROUT’s ideas on agriculture are also related.</div>
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The inclusion of supramundane and spiritual resources within the scope of maximum utilization and rational distribution acknowledges subtle layers of existence. Utilizing the arts for development of the subtle mental faculties may be an example of supramundane utilization. Higher supramundane and spiritual potentialities should also be developed (one can refer to Shrii Sarkar’s books on Microvita, Yoga Psychology and other topics for his views on these potentialities). Though perhaps not obvious now, Sarkar envisions a time when these potentialities can also be utilized for the collective benefit, and hence the same approach should be followed as with physical resources. The utilization of the subtlest resources will require systematic research into the nature of consciousness itself.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3) There should be maximum utilization of the physical, metaphysical, and spiritual potentialities of the unit and collective bodies of human society.</b></span></div>
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The second principle refers to utilizing the objective world, crude and subtle, while this principle refers to the utilization of human potential in the physical, metaphysical and spiritual spheres. Development of the collective and individual potentialities are equally important, and the two are inexorably linked. The physical, intellectual and spiritual potentialities of individuals must be used in a constructive way, and maximum effort must be made for their all-round development. In a similar way the collective strengths of different groups should be utilized according to their circumstances. Those with outstanding abilities should be given maximum scope for utilizing their skills and creativity, while additional effort is to be made for the development of the innate potential of all.</div>
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In order to develop the potentialities of all, existential fear must be removed by the guarantee of the minimum requirements of life. Only then can people at large have the mental ease needed for psychic and spiritual growth. Free and ample educational opportunities must be made available to all. There should also be opportunities in the workplace for the development of new skills and expertise, which should then be creatively utilized. The development of the collective mind has, of course, the development of the individual mind as a base. Special effort should be made to include factors in the educational system that will help ensure the development of the collective mind, such as socio- economic consciousness, ethical conduct, service mindedness, social awareness, and spirituality. Most of the socio-cultural Proutist ideas pertaining to education, language and the arts are elaborations upon this fundamental principle.</div>
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<span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">4) There should be a proper adjustment amongst these physical, metaphysical, mundane, supramundane and spiritual utilizations.</b></span></div>
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This principle asserts that the previous two principles must be applied in a balanced and integrated way. Neither should physicality and the material world, nor metaphysical, supramundane and spiritual potentialities be developed to the exclusion of the others, or society will exist in a state of imbalance and meet with degeneration. People must be encouraged and challenged on various levels, otherwise widespread idleness or lethargy and apathy may develop. For example, increasing purchasing power is the best method of meeting people’s needs on the physical level rather than handouts which would be both impractical and destructive to initiative.</div>
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“Proper adjustment” in this context also means that people’s role in society should be determined in a balanced way. As a general rule, employment should be guaranteed which is both agreeable and suitable to people, drawing upon their inherent talents and interests. It is generally recognized that intellectual and artistic skills are comparatively rare as opposed to physical skills, while spiritual wisdom is even more rare. Society should require comparatively less mundane service from those utilizing their higher mental and spiritual faculties for the benefit of society, following a balanced policy. Shrii Sarkar feels that it is imperative for the leaders of society to be developed intellectually and spiritually and to be physically fit as well, which certainly requires a degree of all-round development.</div>
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The concept of the six factors of bhati is somewhat akin to the spirit of this principle (see Chapter One). The concepts of the “master unit” and samaj are also related to the application of this principle (see Chapter Seven), as they require the integration of many aspects of human life in a balanced way.</div>
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<b style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; color: #577d00; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">5) The method of utilization should vary in accordance with the changes in time, place, and person, and the utilization should be of a progressive nature.</span></b></div>
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This fifth principle holds that new and better methods of utilization should be continually developed in accordance with scientific and human development, considering changes in human psychology, the physical environment, etc. For instance, in accordance with maximum utilization, better ways should be found to harness the energy of manual labor, increasing efficiency. But of course, this should lead to increased productivity and decreased work hours, not a loss of jobs. Economic, social and political policies must be adjusted to human needs, and there should be efforts for their continual improvement in a progressive, humanitarian way.</div>
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Scientific research must be guided by progressive ideals as well. An anti-technological attitude is certainly antithetical to human development. Some may argue that the environmental impact of technology is such that it will eventually destroy our ecological balance. It may be more reasonable to conclude that this state of affairs is the result of the regressive utilization or misutilization of science. Progressive utilization of science necessitates continual effort to assess and mitigate the environmental impact of new technologies.</div>
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The progressive utilization of mental potentialities may include increased computer assistance, new developments in art and philosophy, improved educational methods and the like for general progress. Progressive utilization in the higher sphere of life may include the development of new intuitional techniques for self-realization, and the harnessing of the spiritual inspiration and transformative power of self-realized individuals in a better way. Shrii Sarkar surmises, “Through struggle, society will have to move forward towards victory along the path of all-round fulfillment in life.” (<i style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ananda Sutram</i>).</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-28495280005310406062018-01-19T03:42:00.002-08:002018-01-31T22:15:52.766-08:00Integrated Proutistic Solutions<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3bZYOiJyNDIzO4JUktWQiQgVVh1ooH8bo2x0KFGfsOr9Pw5TpOHEL8KIH4UXZH9O9CUYYVO7MiGyB-9DzIIQiL5PMCeRg_QmBrD6Ucw9EXE1RfO229dh_j-jhmZ1_Sz4FwvosKkLNgx1_/s1600/tribes-300x199.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="199" data-original-width="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3bZYOiJyNDIzO4JUktWQiQgVVh1ooH8bo2x0KFGfsOr9Pw5TpOHEL8KIH4UXZH9O9CUYYVO7MiGyB-9DzIIQiL5PMCeRg_QmBrD6Ucw9EXE1RfO229dh_j-jhmZ1_Sz4FwvosKkLNgx1_/s1600/tribes-300x199.jpg" /></a></div>
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Section One:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Samaj</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">T</strong>he Sanskrit term for society is <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">samaj</em>. It means a group of people working together for all round development toward a single goal. In the context of PROUT, samaj further denotes a socio-economic unit formed on the basis of common economic potential and problems, geographic similarity, cultural and historical similarity, etc..</div>
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A strong local culture is the prerequisite of a healthy society and also of economic prosperity. Essentially, a samaj is a socio-economic group having strong historical, lingual, and/or cultural ties, a progressive decentralized economy based upon the principles of economic democracy, a flourishing cultural and intellectual life, a general atmosphere of social equality and collective spirit, and a strong moralist leadership. The goal of the samaj is to assist its members to meet their physical requirements and achieve their highest intellectual and spiritual potentiality. The establishment of samaj is the culmination of PROUT in three spheres: socio-economic, socio-political, and socio-cultural.</div>
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To various degrees, in almost every part of the world, national and state boundaries have been formed along primarily political lines. Hence, if the guidelines for the division of samaj units are followed, many boundaries could be expected to change. Samaj divisions are both natural and inevitable if capitalist exploitation is to be confronted. We see many movements around the world that show peoples’ natural desire for regional-economical-cultural independence: a movement for an independent French Quebec; the Zapatista and Guatemalan uprisings of poor Mayan natives; the Republican movement of Ireland; numerous bloody conflicts by African nations in the aftermath of colonialism; the Kurdish uprising in Iraq, and many others.</div>
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Many existing political boundaries have been established to allow colonialism to divide and conquer. The first blow was always to the local language and customs. One of the fundamental tenets of capitalist exploitation is to divide a people and make them mentally weak, by imposing lingual and racial inferiority complexes and by exciting regional and religious narrowness to create infighting. Taking the example of Great Britain, it can easily be seen that several cultures and language groups have been subjugated, on both the cultural and economic levels. Scotland, Wales, and Ireland are all examples of potential socio-economic units and future samaj areas. They all are faced with various degrees of economic and political satellite status to England, dying languages and loss of local culture to a colonial culture. In India, Bengal was divided into numerous pieces by the British and again later by the post-independence government. This occurred in order to cripple a cultured and prosperous people and exploit them economically. In almost every corner of the globe this same phenomenon can be observed. The Proutist solution is to develop strong local cultures and economies, united by a World Constitution and Bill of Rights.</div>
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In time, many samajas together might form a nation or a state. PROUT does not advocate a sort of cheap regionalism or nationalism; rather, we see the samaj as the basic unit of a strong global culture. So many of the international relations of the past and present are relationships of exploitation. PROUT promotes the admixture of different strong cultures. The more they interact, the more human beings will develop. Any person should be able to live anywhere, provided they merge their economic interests into their locality. The formation of socio-cultural-economic zones is for the purpose of removing exploitation, not to disseminate fissiparous tendencies. There are many indications of the beginnings of samaj movements, and as the defects of capitalism and communism become clearer and social consciousness increases, these movements will increase in magnitude.</div>
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Section Two:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Multipurpose Development Plans</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">P</strong>ROUT recognizes the need for emergency economic relief activities and short-term multi-purpose development plans. There are a billion hunger-stricken people throughout the world, and there should be an immediate influx of food from outside to these malnourished people. The cause of this problem is global economic maldistribution. Economic democracy, decentralization, and an end to imperialism are the long-term solutions, but solving the immediate food shortages is an urgent necessity. The excess food of the developed world could easily satisfy the shortages of the developing nations if there was a willingness.</div>
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Multi-purpose development schemes are based on the degree of poverty in a country and aim to immediately elevate the standard of living of the people and bring about integrated development throughout the world. Such programs are suitable for the entire globe, and include undertaking temporary and permanent relief and upgrading the standard of education wherever required.</div>
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Different types of service, both extensive and intensive, have to be done in all the poor countries. Extensive service means that service must be provided down to village level, while intensive service means that as many people as possible must be benefited. This is necessary due to defective economic management in many parts of the world, and has nothing to do with party politics. Mass feeding and cheap kitchens are appropriate everywhere, plus other items like the distribution of clothes, medicines and school supplies, etc., according to the situation. Essential items are to be provided to the poorest and most needy people in each locality.</div>
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Secondly, you can see that in most of the countries in the world—in almost the entire world—the vast percentage of the economically disadvantaged people are illiterate. They are lagging behind in the realm of education. This deficiency is initially alleviated by teaching literacy. Literacy programs should be initiated wherever the necessity exists as the first stage of educational development plans.</div>
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We have said that the progress of human beings requires an internal spiritual approach and an external approach which maintains equilibrium in the different arenas of our socio-economic life. Society is presently suffering from two problems—one is affluence, and the other is a shortage of physical and mental resources. Most of the developed countries suffer from over-consumption of consumer goods. If the consumption patterns of the industrial countries can be regulated, then an adjustment can be made so that physical shortages and psychic deficiencies of the other 80% of humanity can be minimized. Today, many admit that there should be such an adjustment; nonetheless, little effort has been made on the part of the developed nations to meet the needs of other human beings with their excess. Such an adjustment is necessary until the economies of the post-colonial and developing nations develop sufficiently to meet their populations’ basic living requirements.</div>
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Section Three:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Master Units</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">P</strong>ROUT recognizes the need for model development projects that promote integrated communities. These centers for applied Proutistic principles are called “master units.” A master unit combines the ideals of self-sufficiency and decentralization with spiritual community committed to all-round social service. Beginning with agriculture and cottage industries for local economic development, master units expand their services to cover many facets of human needs, including education, culture, and spirituality. Integrated agricultural projects based upon progressive farming techniques, and cottage industries that use local raw materials are among the essential projects of master units. Medical clinics and hospitals with a focus on alternative modalities, and housing for the very poor are other important projects. Other important services provided by master units are schools based upon a holistic, Neo-humanistic approach to education and human development.</div>
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Master units incorporate a variety of economic and service projects. Some examples of existing master unit projects include: flour mill or wheat grinding machines; bakeries; seed bank; cheap seed distribution centers to meet the needs of local people; distribution centers for plants and seedlings; sericulture and silk weaving centers; bio-gas plants, utilizing organic waste; butter production (and dairy processing in general); apiculture (bee-keeping); farming training and research centers; and sanctuaries for animals and plants.</div>
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By their ecological vision and their role as community centers for progressive and spiritually minded individuals, master units also offer even economically developed nations a valuable model for the future of human settlement. Whether in economically developed or impoverished areas, they provide a model for balanced and integrated centers of human culture, meeting the physical, mental and spiritual requirements of life. They demonstrate the practical application of the PROUT philosophy, addressing human, animal, and ecological needs in an integrated way. Master units exist currently in many countries of the world at various stages of development. For information concerning these, one may contact Proutist Universal.</div>
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Section Four:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Proutistic Solutions for Crime and Punishment, Population Growth, </em><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />Environmental Destruction and Pollution</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">P</strong>ROUT seeks to solve many existing problems in a creative, integrated way. No problems exist outside a larger social context, so it is necessary to address the very root causes. Here we shall address aspects of PROUT regarding crime, population, and the environment. Any one could of course be discussed at great length.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Crime and Punishment:</strong> The concept of justice is largely dependent upon society at a particular time and level of development. What is justice for one society may not be accepted as justice by another society. The common conception of justice is that there should be fair punishment to fit a crime. This is a kind of trader’s justice—an exchange where harm done must be paid in full. But this is a relative process. What is justice in one era, or in a particular society, may not be the same in a different time or place. PROUT advocates that reformation should be more important than punishment. As humans, we are incapable of perfect judgment and will always have a limited capacity of evaluation. Hence we should not have the right to punish each other, only to correct each other as best as we are able. Therefore justice under PROUT is to be a code of corrective measures. And in such a world of relative justice, a great importance must be put upon the selection of judges. Judges need to be learned and possess penetrating intellects. They must also have indisputably good character.</div>
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Under the trial system there is much scope for error. There is no way to verify the testimony of witnesses. Investigators should research and present evidence too. Relying on lawyers’ interpretations is too dangerous; clever lawyers can be troublesome within the trial system. Perhaps judges should be able to make final decisions, with juries acting as their assistants. There should also be an appeals procedure to go along with this system.</div>
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Criminals should not all be classified the same way. There are many different reasons that people turn to crime. PROUT recognizes five distinct criminal types. First, there are criminals by instinct. Generally these are quiet people who enjoy petty crimes. Though easily instigated by others, this class of criminal typically does not commit major crimes. However, they are not easily educated so rehabilitation may be difficult.</div>
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The second category consists of those who are criminals by habit. People in this category may or may not be intelligent, but they revel in cruelty and are unable to understand compassion. Generally they are quite clever in committing their crimes. They also tend to become addicted to criminal behavior, and possess low moral strength. However, they are capable of being cured of this defect through rehabilitation.</div>
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A third class of criminals become so due to their environment. Family or peer pressures are the most common cause of this defect. Often parents with depraved tendencies will pass them on to their children. In dealing with these individuals it is important to discover where the bad influence comes from so that it can be dealt with. People who fall into this category are likely to degenerate even further if they are put into prison with those who are criminals by habit.</div>
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Criminals by necessity make up the fourth category. Most of the crimes in this world are motivated because of want of the basic necessities. Under PROUT, society will increasingly provide the basic necessities, and this category of criminals should be eliminated. People who do fall into this category ought to create social pressure to force a change in their circumstances. Society has no right to judge such behavior, since society itself is responsible for it.</div>
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The fifth and final category of criminals are those who become so through snap volition. This is a treatable mental condition. It expresses itself in temporary mental ailments such as crimes of passion or kleptomania. Mental rehabilitation here would be more effective than imprisonment.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Population Growth:</strong> Two factors need to be considered when dealing with the question of population growth—the availability of resources and the availability of space. Although this planet is large enough and abundant enough to satisfy the food needs of all, there are many who lack sufficient food due to lack of proper coordination and planned efforts. If the living space of this Earth were properly utilized, there is also abundant living room for humans and all species.</div>
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According to PROUT there are four factors which will lead to the population growth finding a natural level. First there needs to be economic democracy so that people have sufficient scope to meet basic dietary needs. Secondly, there should be access to medical care so that people can remain in good health. Thirdly, as far as possible, people should be free from unnecessary worries and mental stress. And fourthly, the intellectual standard of humanity will have to be elevated through education. Taken together, these changes will tend to keep the birthrate at a reasonable level. In those countries where the people have become relatively educated and affluent it is a fact that the birthrate decreases. In undeveloped countries like China and India, and also developed countries with large numbers of impoverished people, like the USA, the birth rate is increasing. However in places such as Switzerland, France, and the Scandinavian countries the birth rate is stable or even declining due to affluence.</div>
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The science of agriculture has taken great leaps forward, and a properly managed earth will surely be capable of meeting the needs of its population. The idea that the world is in danger of becoming overpopulated is one that has been used by vested interests to misguide and exploit people, and to divert attention away from issues of exploitation and economic injustice.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Environmental Destruction and Pollution:</strong> It can be safely said that financial interests are for the most part responsible for environmental destruction. Most advances in modern science create detrimental side effects which require considerable time and effort to understand, and then to minimize. This corrective process is expensive and cuts into profits—resulting in great opposition from corporate elites to implementing new safety standards and methods of environmental protection. This is especially problematic as the direction of science is largely determined by what these elites decide upon. It is well know that independent research that strives to address environmental problems often has difficulty being funded, especially if the results might damage an existing industry. Research into non-fossil fuel based automobile engines, for example, is certainly going on, but with a fraction of the resources poured into fossil fuel research. Alternative energy in general (solar, wind, bio-gas, etc.) is researched but with only a fraction of the funding nuclear energy receives.</div>
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In PROUT the control of science would not be determined by profit seekers. The large scale key industries would be run by the state on a “no profit no loss” basis, and research would be out of the hands of corporate interest. Each locality will rely on whatever resources are naturally available or can be synthesized artificially. In this case the “polluter pays” principle is not just a slogan, it cannot be avoided.</div>
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Essentially, pollution is beneficial for only a short time period. Corporate profits are increased through throwing off negative side-effects onto the environment and society as a whole. Eventually, however, the long term effects of raping and polluting the environment will require tremendous effort and resources to correct. PROUT maintains that the calculations of profits must include not only the cost of production, distribution, labor, etc., but equally important, the environmental and social costs involved. Social costs includes all factors that negatively affect the mental, physical and spiritual capacity of people immediately and into the future. For instance, the trucking industry is uneconomical from the stand point of social costs. Currently highway maintenance costs are not calculated, the environmental impact is not properly evaluated, the damage done by depleting the earth’s oil reserves is not considered, and the health problems resulting from environmental pollution are not considered—not to mention traffic congestion, accidents and the mental and physical strain on the drivers and their families. Although trucking allows faster delivery and thus greater profits, from the social perspective as a whole, the railway system would be a better alternative.</div>
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The concept of social costs is integrally related to the idea of environmental sustainability. In agriculture especially, the costs of using chemicals far outweighs the alleged short term benefits. Agricultural pollution resulting from pesticides, chemical fertilizers, etc., would be reduced by decentralized agriculture using the techniques of integrated, ideal farming (see Chapter Four). Agricultural research could then focus on sustainability as well as quality and efficiency. Already there is indication from applied research that output can even be increased using advanced natural techniques—not to mention the increase in taste and nutritional value.</div>
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From the point of view of sustainable economic development, anything that reduces the productive capacity of the earth and destroys the health of human beings and other life forms is definitely to be avoided. Yet this is the path of the so-called global economy. In capitalism, the quest for short term gain usually overrides consideration for the future. It has been stated by scientists in international conferences, such as the Earth Summit, that the global economy is destroying ecologies at a rate of a thousand times faster than they can reproduce. It has also been predicted that given the current rate of destruction, it will destroy the planet’s life support systems—ozone, breathable air, arable soil, potable water and the forests—in about fifty years. It is therefore a life and death matter to reduce the economic decision-making powers of the corporate elites. They have ignored repeatedly the considerations of the general welfare and they will continue to do so without governments and people intervening to curb their efforts.</div>
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Further Reading:</div>
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Discussion of the above topics can be found scattered throughout the PROUT literature. References to various samajas are found in the <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PROUT in a Nutshell</em> series, while much material on Master Units is as of yet unpublished. For a discussion on crime and justice, one may refer to <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Human Society Part One</em>. An article on population growth and control is found in <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Proutist Economics</em>. For case studies on integrated, applied PROUT primarily in the economic sphere, refer to Part Six of the above book.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-81268452782403769412018-01-19T03:41:00.001-08:002018-01-19T03:41:37.935-08:00The Cultural Dimension Of Prout<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhchrOfVL3ZlDzvpCnk8qScR91NbHp6j-3Ss8QdWtKndDV4N_RwAwVByQfLhVgbzsNWx5ttFe3UCcrT9POISQt81_qDxFKzLmOe4ZAy9Wt1prEZl_JN9-kG7B3HDBoJ2q9YRB0aiaFHjEys/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhchrOfVL3ZlDzvpCnk8qScR91NbHp6j-3Ss8QdWtKndDV4N_RwAwVByQfLhVgbzsNWx5ttFe3UCcrT9POISQt81_qDxFKzLmOe4ZAy9Wt1prEZl_JN9-kG7B3HDBoJ2q9YRB0aiaFHjEys/s1600/images.jpg" /></a></div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Section One:</strong><br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Definition of Culture</strong></em></div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">O</strong>ur collective life is characterized by our culture and civilization. Culture is to be distinguished from civilization. In the PROUT context, culture connotes the number and variety of human expressions, including beliefs, customs, arts, etc.. Civilization, on the other hand, pertains to the level of humanness and rationality present in the society. An elaborate social structure may represent a high degree of culture, but if it embodies discrimination or exploitation (based on racism, sexism or class oppression) it is uncivilized. Likewise, skillful but superficial art may also exhibit culture but lack in civilization. Hence, one may be cultured but not civilized, or civilized but not cultured. Many indigenous peoples may be relatively “uncultured,” i.e. not having a large number of customs, crafts, technologies, etc., but be highly civilized. Similarly we see many scientifically and culturally “advanced” human beings whose demonic behavior has and does display an utter lack of civilization.</div>
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According to PROUT, civilization must always take prominence over culture and science. Culture develops naturally as human intellect develops, and it is crucial that it be based upon the solid foundation of civilization. And when science enjoys a higher position than civilization (the case in the Western World, especially, and increasingly in other parts), society is bound to be materialistic and imbalanced. This leads to phenomena like the creation of advanced weaponry while basic problems such as the food needs for much of the world go unsolved. Science which is not at the service of civilized people is antithetical to progress.</div>
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PROUT philosophy is based upon a universalistic outlook and seeks to acknowledge unity in human diversity. Hence, Proutists consider human culture to be essentially one entity, with many local variations. These variations should enhance the beauty of the totality rather than create divisions. The fundamental tendencies of the human mind are the same everywhere; but due to various factors, they are expressed in different ways and proportions. In order for true unity to develop, we must honor this diversity while recognizing our inherent similarity as human beings.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Section Two</strong>:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Psycho-Economic Exploitation and Pseudo Culture</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">E</strong>ssentially, there is one human culture, with local variations in how it is expressed. This variety in human expression is interpreted as different cultures. The history of humankind has shown that from among the myriad of local “cultures” a few emerge which try to destroy the cultural expression of other localities in order to put forward their own agenda. Nowadays, we can see that the first world capitalistic countries are attempting to force their way of life, both culturally and economically, on many of the other societies of the world.</div>
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One specific type of exploitation which has increasingly been used by capitalists is called psycho-economic exploitation. This often begins with the suppression of the local language and culture by the foreign invader. In the past foreign invaders have done this by force. Imperialists used superior weapons to invade and conquer the lands of others and even enslave the population. They told the defeated people, “Your culture is primitive, your religion is defective, your language is unsophisticated.” Colonialists have used both violence and the imposition of inferiority complex to break people’s will to resist. By the end of the Second World War, the world’s people became increasingly intolerant of the violence and injustice of colonialism. Hence, capitalists have developed more clever techniques to continue their exploitation of newly independent countries.</div>
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To supplant local cultures, pseudo-culture is imposed. Pseudo-culture refers to that set of ideas, actions and products that paralyze the collective outlook of a people and prepare them for economic exploitation. On the surface it may resemble culture, yet it is antithetical to it. Such pseudo-culture consists of many things which might seem to make life more pleasurable than was the case under the previous native culture, but in fact it serves to undermine the resolve of the indigenous people. The widespread dissemination of “consumer culture,” with its appeal to material pleasures ultimately has a debilitating effect psychologically and spiritually. It also lowers the resistance of those who try to maintain their cultural heritage. Over the last decades, cultural diversity has suffered tremendously as local cultures are drawn into a “global market” dominated by corporate pseudo-culture. Fast food franchises and the sex and violence of “pop” culture are challenging indigenous cultures throughout the world.</div>
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In psychological terms, pseudo-culture has a devastating effect on personality. Advertisements of many products project an image of making life more “modern” and “pleasurable” than in the previous native culture. They make people want to be rich and white—to enjoy the glamour they see projected in advertisements and television. One of the results is that third world children see their parents as poor and backward and their culture as primitive. The tragic result of the loss of local culture and local economy is the hundreds of thousands of runaway children and prostitutes on the streets of the world’s cities.</div>
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Pseudo-culture also breaks the will of indigenous people to resist those who would rob them of their natural resources. For example, the imposition of a foreign tongue and mode of dress can cause a people to regard their own native language and dress as in some way inferior to that of the intruder. The psychological effect is that not only is the intruding culture seen as superior, but the native people may become, to a greater or lesser extent, paralyzed in resisting it. The people come to welcome it, not realizing the negative effect it will have on their well-being before it is too late.</div>
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Of course, this sort of exploitation also takes place within the capitalist nations themselves. Under the banner of freedom and individual rights, people are bombarded with a materialistic worldview that masks the social and environmental destruction that is caused by a profit driven, consumerist economy. The wide spread use of drugs, alcohol, pornography, cigarettes, guns, etc., especially in poor neighborhoods, that are victimized by the system, is particularly notable. The people are cowed and pacified, or instead turn to “street crimes” to meet their basic needs. They lose their self-esteem and cultural identity. The educational system does little to address these issues or explore alternative lifestyles. Capitalism promotes a “values-free” educational system that produces future workers but does not teach critical thinking. Hence there is little opportunity for the upcoming generations to develop a critical socio-economic consciousness, or any other consciousness beyond consumerism for that matter.</div>
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Yet psycho-economic exploitation is not the exclusive domain of corporate colonialism. Restricting the role of women in society (thus forcing them to be subservient to men economically), has its roots in religious institutions. Psycho-economic exploitation has been a device of the ruling class throughout history. Today, however, with the advent of mass media, it has been honed to such a science that people don’t even know they are being exploited. They blame their misery on themselves.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Section Three:</strong><br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Three Levels of Capitalistic Exploitation</em></h4>
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In order to resist any type of exploitation, the nature of that exploitation must first be clearly understood. Prout points out that exploitation must be understood on all the levels in which it is occurring. Capitalist exploitation takes place in the physical sphere, the intellectual sphere, and the spiritual sphere.</div>
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Much has already been said about exploitation in the physical sphere. The capitalist system permits many people to suffer poverty, sometimes without even the basic necessities, while a few people grow fabulously wealthy. Capitalistic profit maximization leads to such anomalies as the extraction of a region’s natural resources for export, followed by the sale of the finished products to the people of the area from which the raw materials were originally taken. Since Prout stands for decentralization and economic democracy, this scenario would never be allowed under a Proutist system.</div>
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What is meant by capitalist exploitation in the intellectual sphere? It manifests itself in several ways. First, the education of large numbers of people is neglected and their literacy skills are not encouraged. This can be seen in the US where 50% of students do not have the learning skills to read or write at required academic standards. Secondly, there is a lack of development of social and economic awareness, a factor which maintains the cycle of exploitation. Thirdly, those who are doing the exploiting like to encourage fear and inferiority complexes in the minds of the people in order to keep them subjugated. All of this hinders the moral and intellectual development of the people, leading to an increase in irrationality. This has led to narrowness of mind and an increase of racism, nationalism, and class oppression. Ultimately all of this exerts a very negative and destructive influence, keeping people from identifying the real enemy while maintaining consumerism.</div>
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When challenged, the capitalist system has always shown itself to be very resilient, changing itself sufficiently to silence its critics. Feudalism, capitalism, colonialism, imperialism, multinational corporatism, neo-liberalism, the global economy, etc., are all expressions of different stages of capitalism as it expands and adjusts to avoid its destruction. As people voice their criticisms, capitalism as a whole changes just enough to save itself. For example, as people become fearful of the astonishing destruction of the natural environment, the corporations put on an ad campaign expressing their concerns about recycling etc. Behind the scenes however, they maintain their destructive practices. This can easily be seen by the destructive social and environmental policies imposed on third world nations by the rich and powerful at the United Nations deliberations.</div>
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Often in the past capitalists have been able to pacify resistance through buying off the agitators. Once those who have the ability to see capitalism’s defects are on its payroll, they are less likely to voice their protests. It would seem that intelligent and educated people under a capitalist system are unmotivated and unwilling to use their talents in the name of the public welfare. Apathy and elitism are evident in such attitudes. Such an outlook is fostered by an economic system in which the rules hold that one need only look out for oneself, and that if everyone behaves accordingly all will be well. In truth, millions are dying each year from hunger and preventable diseases. This crime against humanity has been called “the hidden holocaust,” but it is hidden only to those who close their eyes or make excuses for needless starvation, suffering and death.</div>
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Finally, capitalist exploitation also manifest itself in the spiritual realm. (This is different than religious exploitation, as discussed in the next section). This happens when one is concerned only with his or her personal spiritual elevation, disregarding the rest of humanity. To guard against this, spiritual aspirants should devote a certain portion of their time to selfless service of society in whatever way they can have the biggest impact.</div>
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Section Four:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dogma versus Dharma</em></h4>
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In addition to material exploitation, exploitation exists on the psychological level as well. Perhaps the greatest obstacle to all-round human progress is dogma. Dogma is a belief or conviction no longer supported by rationality. Dogmas are deeply rooted in the human mind and entrenched in most belief systems. These irrational and contradictory beliefs cause tremendous conflict and suffering. They continue to be used for exploitation throughout the world. In the name of spirituality, religious, business and civic leaders consciously or unconsciously allow their irrational beliefs to divide humanity. By creating fear of God or by using God to prop up their goals, they serve their own selfish interests.</div>
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Similarly, the dogma of racial superiority, a belief not supported by any scientific evidence and refuted by common sense, has caused tremendous suffering. Another dogma is that of male superiority. Such beliefs and superstitions cause the human mind and society to lose its inherent vitality.</div>
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It was not so long ago in Europe and the United States that women were burnt at the stake in the name of religious dogmas. In India, Hindu women were compelled to join their deceased husbands on the funeral pyre. Today, though less overtly violent, fanatic followers continue to encourage blind obedience to their doctrines. It may seem as though dogmas are becoming less in this present age, but they still pervade the inner recesses of the human mind. They just take on more subtle forms and adjust to increasing skepticism. One very clever and time-honored strategy used to maintain dogmas is to declare religion “off limits” from rational analysis. In order to be progressive religious leaders must encourage rational discussion and exchange. It is the nature of human beings to search for the Absolute. This is not achieved by adopting a few rituals and customs and clinging to beliefs not supported by personal experience.</div>
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A distinction must be made here between religion and spirituality. According to Prout theory, spirituality is the universal quest by human beings to discover the nature of their innermost existence—to discover their relationship to the vast cosmos and the quiescent Divinity within. Religion is what happens when spirituality becomes institutionalized and codified, or confined and limited by dogmas. It is doubtful that any of the founders of religions ever directed the followers to create a religion as such. This happens sometimes hundreds of years afterward. The inner core of religion is spirituality, and this is, in fact, universal. In Sanskrit, spirituality is called <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">dharma. </em>Roughly translated, it means “innate purpose.” It is the “innate purpose” or nature of human beings to become spiritually realized. This represents our highest potentiality.</div>
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An integral part of the social transformation envisioned by Prout is that people should cultivate spiritual practices, including scientific meditation for all-round human development. Meditation is ninety-nine percent practical, thus leaving very little scope for dogmas to develop. The minds of those who practice meditation develop the strength to penetrate the quagmire of dogmas. This intuitional science has been highly cultivated in Tibet, India, China, Japan and other places at different times, and is certainly the basis for both Oriental and Occidental religions. It is devoid of purely ritualistic and external practices which are characteristics of religion.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Section Five:</strong><br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Spirituality and Mental Balance</em></h4>
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The underlying cultural goal of Prout is to enable all move on the path of spiritual fulfillment. In individual life this is achieved by the continuous endeavor to create a balanced mind. And just as mental equilibrium is indispensable in individual life, it is indispensable in collective life as well. The greatness of a social structure, culture or civilization is derived from the degree of mental equilibrium which that community attains. What is strange is that we do not feel the necessity of establishing this equilibrium in individual and collective life. Although the western world, for example, has made considerable material progress, it has done so at the expense of mental equilibrium.</div>
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What is mental equilibrium? It is a balance between the extroverted and the introverted tendencies of the mind. The extroverted tendency of mind is to identify with the objects of the material world. The introverted tendency is to move towards the Cosmic Entity (merging our individual mind with Cosmic Consciousness). Spiritual bliss is achieved by mental equilibrium attainable as a result of on-going spiritual practice (meditation). Spiritual practice focuses the mind on Oneness. As such the multiplicity of endless desires becomes reduced and eventually one achieves freedom from them. Unless attraction and repulsion are both transcended, the mind can never attain a state of equilibrium or spiritual bliss.</div>
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As a result of the extroverted tendency of mind we maintain our day to day relationships. Without such a mental projection we lose our ability to maintain adjustment with objective reality. On the other hand, without introverted movement, we lose our mental balance. If we analyze the history of different countries in the world, we notice that despite our tremendous physical, psychic and spiritual potentialities, we do not utilize the opportunity we have to establish a balance in our individual and collective lives. As such this remains the task of human beings today.</div>
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Section Six:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Geo-sentiment, Socio-Sentiment, and Humanistic Sentiment</em><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br />Versus Neo-Humanism</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">S</strong>entimental feelings without the support of rationality lead to narrowness of mind and dogma. The collective psychology today is manipulated by three basic sentiments — geo-sentiment, socio-sentiment and human sentiment. The first of these centers around a particular geographic region, thus the term “geo-sentiment.” Geo-sentiments can express themselves in the political, religious, economic or other spheres. Many religions, for example, are fueled by the idea that their land is the land of God. Religious leaders manipulate geo-sentiments by saying that one place is “holy,” one direction is best for prayer; that pilgrimages are to be made to “sacred” places, while not acknowledging the “sacred places” of others. This feeds irrationality.</div>
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Geo-sentiments also underlie material exploitation. Imperialism and colonialism are partially expressions of geo-sentiment. One may have great compassion for fellow countrymen, but will not hesitate to starve and bleed the people of another area. Such groupist sentiment supports all kinds of injustices toward others. This kind of narrow thinking is a serious mental weakness often fueled by clever politicians and vested economic interests to maintain their power.</div>
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Socio-sentiments are even more dangerous. These sentiments pertain to the placement of one’s own society above those of others. The belief that one’s nation, race, religion or lifestyle is superior and needs to be imposed on others, leads to the oppression of the weak by the strong. It leads to the suppression of minorities everywhere. Cultural superiority is one of the main expressions of socio-sentiment expressed as an imposition of a culture’s art, literature, language, etc. on others. Without making an attempt to understand or appreciate another culture, socio-sentiment dubs it inferior, strange, etc. One can easily observe this in the attitude of westerners toward the cultures of third world countries and peoples. The languages of various peoples are termed vulgar, inferior to the colonist language and not permitted to be used in local schools. Socio-religion declares one people as God’s people and their scriptures are the true word of God. One can see that the effects of socio-sentiment can be far more disastrous than geo-sentiment.</div>
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The third category of sentiment is the so-called human sentiment, or Humanism. In an attempt to overcome the limited outlook embodied in the above sentiments, the idea of humanism blossomed. “All humans are deserving of equal fundamental rights, having similar minds, feelings, etc.” The only defect in this is that the same person, after having given a high-blown speech on humanism, may not have any regard for other living beings. In eating meat, wearing furs or buying other products of endangered species, this humanist has a sentiment for human equality, but he or she does not see that animals also suffer. And should we not also have a responsibility to plants and even inanimate matter?</div>
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When we are able to extend the spirit of humanism to all living beings, and we begin to take responsibility for the inanimate world as well, we begin to adopt a universal sentiment which can be called Neo-Humanism. Neo-Humanism has spirituality as its source of inspiration. One who seeks true inner knowledge will be filled with love for the entire creation, and will certainly have innate love for living beings and a sense of responsibility toward the environment.</div>
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In order to make progress today it is a dire necessity to overcome these limited geo, socio, and even humanistic sentiments. The dissemination of unbiased knowledge is an absolute necessity. In order to free our minds from these dogmatic sentiments, the spirit of social equality must be widely held. The only way to accomplish this is for intellectually developed people to engage themselves for the welfare of others and to take active roles in mass education. So many intellectually developed people are not interested in involving themselves in the upliftment of humanity. Many are solely interested in maintaining their elitist positions. Others, although actively engaged in social service of various types are forced to work for the capital gain of exploitive interests.</div>
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There is a need to develop “benevolent intellect” – intellect used for service and upliftment. People with developed minds should consider the impact of their work and use their discriminating power to help people overcome their irrational sentiments. They should help expose exploitation in the social, political and economic spheres. A small number of intellectuals today have created considerable positive influence with their benevolent intellects. One who has developed the spirit of Neo-Humanism along with benevolent intellect is an incredible asset to human society. PROUT seeks to create such people, and to help them occupy leadership positions.</div>
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The educational system should be re-cast to promote Neo-Humanism. Education should be society’s highest priority. It should be available to all free of charge. Educators in a Proutist system would have status as high as judges, for they, along with the parents, are the true social foundation. It is indicative of society’s neglect that in some parts of the USA, teachers receive less income than sanitation workers (not to belittle the importance of sanitation workers). Child care workers earn from $2 to $7 an hour which puts them in the category of the working poor. Needless to say, under such conditions, only the most dedicated become child care providers and school teachers nowadays.</div>
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Education must free people from the bondage of narrow sentiments and promote universalism. It must focus on developing all-round human potential — cognitive skills, sensory-motor skills, the creative and analytical faculties, social-emotional maturity, universal morality, practical skills, and all branches of knowledge. The main purport of Neo-Humanist education is the inculcation of respect and love for all living beings in the universe in which we exist. Intellectual growth without such a base becomes used for selfish or destructive purposes. Therefore, let education first create moral human beings. Such educated people will easily follow the path of universal spirituality and be a great asset to society.</div>
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Section Seven:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Local and Global Language</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">C</strong>ommunication is an essential aspect of everyday life. In the present age of mass media and global communication, it is even more important that people, whether of the same or different cultures, are able to communicate and understand each other. PROUT recognizes the benefits of having a common language which is used for global communication.</div>
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As well as having a universal language, it is important that people are free to speak in their own native tongues. Indeed, all languages should be able to enjoy equal rights and recognition. Since language represents the foundation of the culture of its people, its use should be encouraged in daily working life and not just as an academic exercise. Education, commerce, legal matters, etc., can all occur in the local language, except in such situations where the need arises for a common tongue (the global language). This will provide a firm foundation for culture, while not promoting backwardness and regionalism. Through their own language people are able to express thoughts and ideas much more clearly than they are able to in a less familiar language. Among those people who are forced to speak in an unfamiliar language, an inferiority complex often arises and they tend to lose their moral courage and power to protest. This leads to a defeatist psychology in such people. This is the status of many colonial and post-colonial peoples and immigrants.</div>
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The language which today is most suitable to become the global language is English. This is because it is spoken so widely in many different countries. It also has already become the language of the modern technological and business world. However, the suitability of one particular language as a universal language may very well change over time, so it should not be written in stone that English, or any other specific language will always remain as the universal language. There was a time not so long ago when French was considered to be the best language for such a purpose. Also, a common script is necessary if communication is to be optimal. Presently the Roman script, as used in English and many of the other languages of the world, is very suited to this purpose. But that should not mean the demise of local scripts. On the contrary, both Roman and local scripts should be encouraged to live and thrive side by side.</div>
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Section Eight:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Indigenous Culture</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">E</strong>ncouraging the development of indigenous cultural expression holds a high place in PROUT. The many distinct variations in local dress, speech, arts and crafts, mannerisms, and social outlook add to the beauty and richness of humanity. The collective strength of a people is directly related to the strength of their culture. The most important facet of a local culture is the native language (discussed previously) and its literature. Any attempt to undermine these is a form of psychic exploitation. Besides lingual suppression, pseudo-culture is perhaps the most powerful enemy of local cultures. Every effort must be made to curtail the ability of exploiters to supplant indigenous cultures with the mindless consumerism that accompanies the spread of the global economy. By now this is a difficult task, as we are all affected by pseudo-culture and are often unable to even recognize it. Exploiters hide themselves under the cloak of free speech – not at all caring for the freedom of humans to live and develop their innate potential in a society free of degrading influences. This a problem which deserves the serious and benevolent attention of all educators and leaders.</div>
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PROUT advocates the maximum admixture of strong local cultures. People should be encouraged to learn multiple languages and explore different cultures for maximum expansion of mind. Also, if enthusiasm for inter-cultural marriages can be developed, the barriers between human beings will slowly drop and a true global culture can develop. PROUT suggests the abolition of the visa and passport system to allow people greater travel and cultural exchange. True cultural synthesis can become a reality in this way. This is not the synthesis taking place today in which the first world pseudo-culture supplants the native culture.</div>
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Section Nine:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Role of the Arts</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">P</strong>ROUT theory recognizes the extraordinary role that the arts play in human life. Art can be defined in the broadest sense as bringing subtlety to any expression. When language, sound, visual forms, etc. become subtle then they come within the scope of art. The fine arts of music, dance, painting, literature, etc., as well as the culinary arts, decoration, speech, architecture, and more are included.</div>
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Art is a specialized area of culture. Art develops the subtle faculties of the mind and transforms cruder tendencies into subtle expression. It is art (also called “aesthetic science”) which brings human beings from animal existence to the threshold of spirituality. Hence, it is impossible for true art to have a degrading affect upon human beings. If art does not benefit the human mind it can’t be called art. The idea of “Art for art’s sake” has no positive role in a dynamic and progressive social order. Rather, let the ideal be “Art for service and blessedness (anandam).” The various expressions of pseudo-culture are antithetical to the existence of art. Pseudo-culture appeals to and strengthens the cruder human tendencies toward materialistic and sensual gratification. Art, on the other hand, inspires noble qualities and sentiments, producing a subtle mentality that culminates in spirituality.</div>
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Artists have a tremendous impact upon the collective mind, and hence a corresponding responsibility. Their primary duty should be to ensure that they are having the greatest possible benefit upon society. Art is not the depiction of fantasy worlds or daydream images; rather art is an expression of reality, the reality of the human mental world. Expression of the multifarious longings of the human heart can awaken the dormant subtlety of others, provided that the portrayed concepts can be grasped. Hence, art should always be a few steps ahead of the collective mind or target audience. It should be within reach, yet drawing it forward. Artists themselves must be of a high moral standard, possessing benevolent intellect and creativity along with highly developed talent and skills. They must make all efforts to selflessly accelerate human development.</div>
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Perhaps literature is the most accessible and effective media for most people, as it is normally less abstract than visual arts, music, and dance. It portrays directly the realm of ideas. People engaged in writing literature have a special responsibility because they are able to portray images of future potentialities. Hence, it is within their capacity to show glorious images of the human future as a feasible outcome of the present.</div>
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Dance expresses human sentiments through rhythm and gestures, refining human expressive capacity. Visual arts and music develop the subtle facets of the human mind through abstraction, directly vibrating and awakening the subtlest layers of the mind – hence they are the subtlest of the arts. These four artistic modes can be found in almost every past and present culture.</div>
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Art must always be dynamic. In a Proutist framework, the arts would be given maximum encouragement. They would be considered an integral aspect of education. Aesthetics will be encouraged in any human endeavor, be it constructing a house, planting a garden, or cooking food. This consideration gives maximum scope for mental development. As the collective mind is a dynamic entity, progressive change in art is to be encouraged while drawing upon the strengths of the past. A balance must be strived for that respects adherence to cherished traditions without rejecting creativity and the need for progress. Without such a balance we will have sub-standard art.</div>
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Further Reading:</div>
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<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Neo-Humanism: the Liberation of Intellect. </em><br />An exposition on society and Neo-Humanism, essential for a deep understanding of PROUT.</div>
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<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PROUT in a Nutshell.</em><br />Pertinent discourses can be found throughout the twenty plus volumes of this series, but Volume Six in particular has relevant material to this chapter, while Volume Thirteen is pertinent to language issues.</div>
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<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A Few Problems Solved, Part One.</em><br />The essay, “The Practice of Art and Literature” discusses this topic in further detail.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-11612215897510364512018-01-19T03:39:00.003-08:002018-01-19T03:39:25.805-08:00The Political Dimension Of Prout<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Section One:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Partyless, Compartmental Democracy</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">P</strong>olitical democracy, as it is practiced in the world today, has a record of mixed success, and has failed to solve certain existential problems due to the absence of economic democracy. Loftily defined as “Government of the people, for the people, and by the people,” political democracy is simply majority rule. And when vested interests are able to influence voters and politicians, whether by coercion, propaganda, bribery or clever manipulation of the media, it is easy to see that the real interests of even the majority are not always served. Similarly, under the influence of clever speeches and poor education, unqualified or corrupt leaders may be elected. While running the risk of underestimating people’s power of self governance, it is important to realize that majority decision making is not free of blemishes, especially when politicians are bought and corporate media leaves voters poorly educated regarding the issues.</div>
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PROUT recognizes that certain prerequisites are necessary for a successful political democracy. Political candidates must be ethical, educated, and socially conscious. Voters must also demand ethical behavior of their leaders and have the requisite education and socio-economic consciousness to make rational decisions. Thus a high standard of impartial education is necessary to ensure that democracy is successful.</div>
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Presently money, intra-party status, and media portrayal have more to do with the success or failure of a candidate at the polls than does his or her position on issues and standard of behavior. In many countries, votes are bought and sold openly and corruption is the rule rather than the exception. It is often impossible for moral people to even dent the realm of politics. In the so-called developed countries, the situation is only little better, as financial and political control of the mass media and poor socio-economic consciousness prevail.</div>
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A further problem with the present system of political democracy is that as candidates are dependent upon campaign contributions from the wealthy, in most instances, they end up catering to the demands of those influential sections of society. This means that the decisions taken by the leaders in a democratic country do not necessarily reflect the best interests of society as a whole. Political leaders are forced to serve powerful corporate interest groups, even immoral hypocrites, who have tremendous financial influence. They are unable to maintain their offices if they cross such people. And due to continual pressure to canvass for funding, the role of money in politics is paramount.</div>
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The system of political parties seems also to have significant defects. Candidate qualifications, personal integrity, and the spirit of social service play secondary roles to party status and seniority. Candidates are forced to abide by party policies and cannot effectively combat elections without party endorsement. In this way, political parties are also controlled by monied interests. For these reasons, PROUT advocates a system of partyless democracy.</div>
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Under PROUT’s system, independent political candidates would be required to state their platform policies in black-and-white. Failure to implement such programs could result in termination from office so as to prevent politicians from making empty promises for the sake of an election. A partyless system is of paramount importance for lessening corruption. Of course, it is natural that like minded people will associate and work together out of common interest. Indeed, it would be impossible to enact any positive measures independently. Yet, it is clear that the current formality of party affiliation has significant drawbacks. A more balanced approach without the formalities of party name and the necessity of party endorsement may alleviate such problems.</div>
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So, in addition to economic democracy, PROUT advocates a democratic political system with certain modifications. PROUT favors the three branch system of Executive, Legislative, and Judicial with the addition of an independent Financial or Public Exchequer department. This is an important addition that would monitor federal spending and publicize the strengths and weaknesses of government programs. This department would keep the accounts of the other three departments. All of these departments should function independently.</div>
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It should also be stressed that there should be no political involvement in economic affairs by the central governments, as the economic system is to be decentralized. Local governments would be responsible for the running of certain key industries, but for this purpose, independent managers would be hired. Key industries would not be run by politicians, whose skills are much different.</div>
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Section Two:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Selecto-Electional Democracy</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">U</strong>nder democracy as it is known today, the right to vote is based, in most countries, upon a person’s age. This system has been selected owing to the tremendous moral difficulties arising out of excluding some from the voting process. Naturally, the question arises as to who has the moral right to decide who can and cannot vote. This dilemma is avoided by the adult franchise system. Such a system presupposes that upon reaching a certain age people will have the ability to fairly and intelligently weigh the pros and cons of each candidate and arrive at the best choice. While this may be true for some, it is easily seen that this is not always the case for everyone. If the educational system is excellent, this may very well be the case; but unfortunately the facts are different at this time. Not only is there widespread voter apathy (judged by low turnout), but socio-economic consciousness is conspicuously low in most places of the world.</div>
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How then can society arrive at the optimal method for selecting who is eligible to vote? In the past there have been many abuses when it came to allowing people the right to vote. This has often taken place as a method for the elite or a majority ethnic group to retain power. PROUT suggests that the fairest way to select voters is through some sort of test which must be passed in order to show the individual’s knowledge and interest in participating in the election process. This can be termed “selecto-electional” democracy. Just as a new driver must demonstrate his or her capability before being let loose on the roads, so it should be with electors. Testing methods have been misutilized, however, to prevent black people from voting in the southern USA. Hence, universal suffrage and free access to equal education is imperative in a Proutistic system. In this respect, the involvement of politicians in the school curriculum must be scrupulously forbidden. Public Social Boards of qualified educators should be responsible in this regard.</div>
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Since many people had to fight so hard in order to attain the right to vote, it is likely that this particular aspect of PROUT may cause some consternation at first glance. However, it must be remembered that the goal of PROUT is <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">real</em> democratic freedom in the form of economic democracy. The political democracy we presently have provides little more than an illusion of true freedom. Nonetheless, a balanced blending of both should be formulated for everyone’s benefit. As long as everyone is given a chance to pass the examination for voting in political elections, and there is no discrimination in this process, nor in the education system, it can be seen that the suggested selecto-electional process has some distinct advantages over the present system. Educated and aware voters are less likely to be fooled by the extravagant publicity machines of politicians. Money, also, will be less of an influence in deciding the outcomes of elections, whether that money be put into a media blitz or used more crudely through bribery or the buying of votes.</div>
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Section Three:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Social Boards</em></h4>
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Political democracy leaves many human problems unsolved, as evidenced by the fact that even in today’s most advanced societies, a small monied class of less than 1% of the population is allowed to own half of society’s wealth while half the people are deprived of a living wage. Nonetheless, PROUT supports political democracy over other forms of governance while working to alleviate its shortcomings.</div>
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As a valuable complement to partyless, selecto-electional democracy, PROUT advocates the existence of grassroots Social Boards composed of individuals interested in community service. These voluntary boards would not contest elections, their function being to render social service in a combined way.</div>
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The object of these boards would be to help create economic democracy, environmental sustainability, and ensure that all local people have their basic needs met. Boards would begin to address the social, cultural, scientific and welfare needs of the people and serve as a catalyst to<br />organize the community. Social Boards would address such issues as education, relief, animal rights, culture, art, industry, commerce, farming, etc. The formation of such boards is an important phase in the exploration and implementation of PROUT.</div>
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Proutist Social Boards need not wait for a change in the economic and political systems to begin their work—they may immediately be formed by those eager for social transformation and the alleviation of poverty. They may also organize local economic self-reliance movements and initiate projects such as local currencies, producers and buyers cooperatives, credit unions, etc. Their activities could then extend into the social and cultural spheres, promoting literacy, the arts, continuing education, etc. Social Boards should be composed of members of all segments of the community and be as encompassing as possible. Proutist concepts of partyless, compartmental democracy and selecto-electional democracy can be tested and improved within the social board administrative structure.</div>
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Such Social Boards could have a valuable role to play as a check and balance to elected governmental officials. Free from the restrictions of partisan politics, Social Boards transcend the traditional limitations of politicians who depend upon creation of an “electable” image and solicitation of monied interest groups. As respectable non-political bodies, Social Boards would also be in an excellent position to monitor governmental officials and check potential corruption. While members of Social Boards could potentially run for office, in no circumstances should boards engage in party-politics. They should support the selection of candidates based upon individual merit alone.</div>
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Such a platform for moral leadership will do much to address the faults in the current political system and empower local people. Even so, there will be a perpetual fight between progressive and regressive forces. Class rivalry and other forms of social conflict are bound to persist, to a<br />greater or lesser extent. Corruption on a Social Board can occur but it is much more difficult because of the integrity of the other members of the Board, and because of the higher expectation that the public will come to have of these Boards.</div>
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Cynics seem to believe that human nature is corrupt and as such claim that the Social Boards of local organizers will be as susceptible to corruption as are the capitalist political parties. Such cynics have obviously never worked among the poorest of the poor and had their heart go out to them. Nor<br />do they know what its like for the people to love them in return.</div>
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PROUT envisions Social Boards as the primary media for aspiring sadvipras to serve society. Who are sadvipras? Sadvipras are those moralists, intelligent and compassionate people, who by virtue of their beliefs and practices, fight injustice and corruption in society and stand for the well-being of<br />all. In the struggle to achieve self-reliance for the local people, local organizers having moral integrity and self-discipline will be tested by fire and in so doing will rise to positions of responsibility. These will be the sadvipras.</div>
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Moral leaders (sadvipras) have different objectives than the average capitalist politician. Generally, political parties do not advocate for basic needs for all, or for full employment. They understand that the riches of the rich must come from the hides of the people—for where else could it come from? Spiritually indifferent politicians do not want to stop this dynamic even if they deliver high sounding speeches, release white pigeons or throw a few dollars here or there. To stage a war against the forces of ignorance and corruption, people will have to become powerful within. For this, physical, mental and spiritual powers are necessary. Insincere politicians will not resort to spiritual practices.</div>
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Sadvipras, on the other hand, are motivated by selfless service. They have a spiritual goal, which can only be achieved by personal sacrifice for the greater good. As they continue their spiritual practices, they become even more selfless. Their reason for living and their joy of life comes from this.</div>
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Section Four:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">World Governance</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">M</strong>any wars and conflicts between nations take place due to the narrow ideas of nationalism, religious dogma, racism, etc., fueled by the interests of economic imperialism. It is obvious that humanity should strive to eliminate such conflicts for the greater good. To do so, PROUT proposes a world governance system to serve the interests of humanity as a whole. Such a system would guarantee that cardinal human rights will be universally accepted. These rights will be guaranteed by a universal constitutional structure, a common penal code, and full support to ensure the availability of the minimum requirements of life for all. Combined with decentralized economic democracy, such a system is a clear reflection of the ideals of spirituality applied to politics.</div>
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The creation of a world governance system could involve reforming and strengthening the United Nations. In the first phase, a law framing body would be formed. It would develop a Bill of Rights and a Constitution and ensure that no country was allowed to pass laws that were detrimental to the interests of its minorities. The actual execution and enforcement of such laws would be left up to the local governments. The purpose of the world legislature would only be to provide the guiding principles for local legislative and enforcement bodies. It would have no administrative power. This body should consist of an upper and a lower house, with representation based upon nationhood and population respectively. The existing UN General Assembly and the proposed People’s Assembly could serve as the organs for such functions.</div>
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In the first phase of establishing such a global legislative body, the emphasis would be on eliminating or reducing those factors causing disunity. Imperialistic interests would be reduced by supporting the formation of decentralized socio-economic units based upon the principles of economic democracy.</div>
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In subsequent phases, the executive and judicial functions of the world government would be slowly increased. Gradually the national militias would be replaced by a world-wide reserve force. This would be instituted as the local socio-economic units would increase to form larger federations.</div>
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The most fundamental economic aspect of PROUT is that the minimum requirements for all should be met. This will have the effect of restoring economic balance throughout the world, and will help to bring about true economic democracy. Clearly there are many potential problems and details to be worked out in this process. PROUT offers a broad overview leaving details to be worked out in the process of practical application. A world government becomes more desirable as an institution when coupled with economic democracy and decentralization because it provides the political means to achieve lasting peace and social synthesis.</div>
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Let us also keep in mind that PROUT holds spirituality, in the most universal sense, as the only factor which can truly unite people. Hence, without increasing acceptance of a spiritual philosophy of life, even a benevolent world government cannot in itself establish unity, security and peace.</div>
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Section Five:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Constitution and Law</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">H</strong>and in hand with the evolution of a world governance system, there exists a need for a World Constitution. Such a document will have to include the following: a guarantee of complete security to all of the world’s humans, as well as plant and animal species; the citizens of each country must be guaranteed a minimum level of purchasing power; the four fundamental rights of spiritual practice, cultural legacy, education, and the expression of one’s native language must be guaranteed; and finally if the practice of any of these rights conflicts with universally accepted human values then that practice will have to cease. That is to say, a practice such as the binding and crippling of women’s feet for cosmetic purposes (like in ancient China), even if considered part of one’s cultural legacy infringes upon basic human values/rights and should be discarded.</div>
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Prout proposes that three socio-political principles must be included in the world constitution to prevent injustice, disunity and exploitation from continuing to plague humanity. The first is that people should not be allowed to lose their jobs until and unless alternative employment can be arranged for them. The second principle is that people should never be forced to convert from one religion to another. And third, no one’s mother (native) tongue should be suppressed. These three things, employment, spiritual practice, and mother tongue (discussed in the next chapter), are very important to people. Human progress will certainly be hindered if any of them are violated.</div>
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Presently all national constitutions suffer from some defects. The adoption of the above mentioned points will help to alleviate these defects in the future. Similarly, the penal code ought to be based on common constitutional tenets. This will necessitate a complete overhaul of the present concepts of vice and virtue, and crime and punishment, taking a Neo-humanist approach not limited by any narrow social or religious values.</div>
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There are three kinds of laws: cardinal law, moral law, and human law. Cardinal law refers to universally accepted law—basic principles such as existential rights. Moral and human laws are based upon changeable values varying from religion to religion and culture to culture. Humans should work with a view to minimize the differences between these laws until they are finally one and the same. Laws will, of course, vary according to time place and person. Every effort should be made to develop universality amongst laws. Universal spiritual values as opposed to social and religious values must be the basis.</div>
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Further Reading:</div>
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<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">PROUT in a Nutshell.</em><br />Parts Four, Six, Fourteen and Sixteen contains articles relevant to the political dimension of PROUT.</div>
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<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Proutist Economics</em>. The articles on Economic Democracy in this book are relevant to the discussion on politics.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-58082987381762572282018-01-19T03:38:00.000-08:002018-01-19T03:38:16.478-08:00Agriculture, Industry, and Services<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyGB3qzhjpx45HaHo2Npo5lReMMD4KxNX5-6AtSou-4dIqozF_yZ9pNmzwqpmYATMOTjqazvyh1iyYlsDOb8W5_GwC1Y9Aau0itQdIGkd82c9RJ4bSwfRZdlNGiDi4MCxT_utPh5kjxOFB/s1600/images-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyGB3qzhjpx45HaHo2Npo5lReMMD4KxNX5-6AtSou-4dIqozF_yZ9pNmzwqpmYATMOTjqazvyh1iyYlsDOb8W5_GwC1Y9Aau0itQdIGkd82c9RJ4bSwfRZdlNGiDi4MCxT_utPh5kjxOFB/s1600/images-1.jpg" /></a><u style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Part A: AGRICULTURE</u></h4>
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Section One:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Economic Holdings</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A</strong>ccording to PROUT, agriculture is the basis of an economy and, as such, it is given a very high status. We advocate developing as many essential products as possible from organic materials in order to maximally use local resources, reduce toxicity and increase the efficiency of recycling waste. This means that agriculture will provide food as well as household items, building materials, fuels, industrial materials etc.</div>
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Agriculture is to be developed in accordance with principles of economic democracy, decentralization, balanced economy, and other relevant factors. In essence, PROUT advocates a revolution in the agrarian sector based upon cooperative, integrated farming, using the most advanced biological techniques.</div>
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The first step to enacting a Proutist agricultural system is to address the division of land. Lands must be evaluated according to their fertility, and subsequently classified as economic or uneconomic holdings. Economic holdings are ones which are economically viable – i.e. the cost of all the factors which go into production is less than the market price of the output. An economic holding should be neither too large nor too small, the exact size depending on many agricultural factors. Many farmers in the world have insufficient land to provide subsistence (much less a reasonable living standard), while large farms leave much land poorly utilized. An economic holding should contain land of similar type and fertility, and have sufficient irrigation water available. The size of an economic holding may increase with advances in farming techniques – but the difference between the largest and smallest holdings in an area should be limited. Uneconomic holdings may be developed and made economical using advanced farming techniques.</div>
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Each block will, of course, contain numerous agricultural holdings. Block divisions should be adjusted so that lands with similar levels of productivity are grouped together to facilitate planning. A given block should have a certain level of agricultural uniformity, otherwise many unrelated plans will have to be developed for only a small area.</div>
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Section Two:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Scientific Accounting in Agriculture</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">U</strong>nder PROUT, agricultural accounting will be the same as that used in industry. That is, the pricing of goods will adequately reflect raw material and labor costs, capital, equipment investments, production rates, depreciation, interest on loans, maintenance costs, etc. – all the factors considered in industry. An industry would never price items below their production costs, while farmers are often forced to sell at low prices under the pressure of circumstances. Often in farming families, everyone is working – but is there any calculation of their labor value in pricing? Enacting this reform will ensure stability in the lives of farmers. This will necessitate changes in the economic system, but will have tremendous benefits for the small farmer. This change in economic emphasis recognizes the importance of farmers and their livelihood. Though food prices may rise in proportion to industrial goods, this does not mean that purchasing capacity will be less.</div>
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Pre and post-production agricultural industries (agrico and agro industries) must also be treated in a similar way. This will ensure the stability of the agricultural economic sector and pave the way for all-round economic prosperity based on a solid agricultural foundation.</div>
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Section Three:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Agricultural Cooperatives</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">P</strong>ROUT recognizes the cooperative system as ideal for agriculture. It has been noted that the cooperative system was a failure in communist countries. The large cooperatives in the Soviet Union and especially China had very low rates of production and resulted in drastic food shortages. These state-run communes, however, are not the cooperatives envisioned by PROUT. Their defects were many. Most importantly, they failed to create a sense of worker involvement by denying private ownership and not providing incentives. Secondly, planning was made by central authorities and the local people had no say over their own work. Forceful coercion, including death, was used to implement the commune system.</div>
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PROUT does not advocate the seizing of agricultural land or forcing farmers to join cooperatives. Rather, it is recognized that various factors are required for the success of such a cooperative system. For example, it requires an integrated economic environment, common economic needs and a ready, local market. Furthermore, a phase-wise implementation process is also needed. In the first phase, an evaluation of economic holdings would be made. Those farmers owning profitable land would maintain the rights of private ownership if desired, while those with insufficient or deficient land (uneconomic holdings) would be encouraged to join cooperatives. They would also retain the ownership of their land. Those who work as employees on privately owned farms would be entitled to a percentage of net produce or profits as well as salary. For cooperatives, compensation would be a combination of ownership and labor, with roughly equal emphasis on both – i.e. shares would be based upon labor and upon the percentage of land owned within the cooperative. There would also be a bonus system based upon profits. Hence people’s inherent desire for ownership and self-determination would not be violated. There would also be a system of elected management with remuneration for outstanding skills.</div>
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The following chart gives an example of percentages of profit that accrue to members in a cooperative, based upon their investment and/or labor, depending upon productivity.<br />One of the immediate benefits of cooperatives would be the utilization of land currently used for boundaries. In areas where agricultural land is limited or where population density is high, a good amount of land is wasted on boundary fences and underutilized borders. Another major benefit would be the collective purchasing of farm equipment currently beyond the means of the individual farmers. Through collective capital or loans, irrigation facilities, dams, and other modern equipment can also be purchased or developed. Collective planning can also take place for the development of previously infertile land.</div>
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In the second phase of forming cooperatives, all would be requested to join them on a voluntary basis as there would be many successful examples and obvious benefits. In the third phase, there would be re-evaluation and rational distribution of land. The minimum amount of land necessary for an agricultural family to earn a decent living, and the capacity of the people involved to utilize land will determine ownership.</div>
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In the ideal stage, ownership of land will be less of a consideration as a true collective spirit develops. This can be achieved only by phase-wise implementation along with all-round human development.</div>
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Section Four:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ideal and Integrated Farming</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">P</strong>ROUT recommends a system of integrated farming techniques for increased production, higher produce quality, and environmental sustainability. Insofar as PROUT advocates that each block should be self-sufficient, especially in food production, it is best if farming projects integrate many different products. Monocrop agro-industry is viable only with a massive and wasteful distribution system – not to mention its environmental damage and low-quality produce. What is needed is decentralized, integrated farming that will incorporate all types of agricultural production and cottage industries. Only then can real self-sufficiency and sustainability develop. Integrated farming could include many areas such as agriculture, horticulture (orchards), floriculture (flowers), sericulture (silk), lac culture (for ceramics), apiculture (bee-keeping), dairy farming, animal husbandry, pisciculture (fish), pest control, fertilization, and related areas. It is best if the processing of any agricultural products takes place locally for maximum efficiency and self-sufficiency. If energy production (bio-gas, solar, wind, etc.), water management, and developmental research take place locally, self-sufficiency and sustainability will certainly be possible.</div>
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The maximum utilization of land is one of the main objectives of integrated farming. The mass breeding of animals for slaughter is both cruel and from a food perspective, inefficient. Land that could easily feed many people on a vegetarian diet can feed only a few people if it is used for rearing animals for slaughter. There is increasing awareness of the ill health effects of meat-based foods in the present age, and growing recognition of the damage caused by mass cattle rearing. From this standpoint alone, PROUT suggests that as far as possible, society should reduce and finally eliminate the usage of meat. While advocating this goal in principle, it is necessary to recognize that people’s psychology can be changed only through inner conviction, rather than imposition.</div>
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To achieve maximum utilization of land, three main crop systems are recognized: mixed cropping, supplementary cropping, and crop rotation. Mixed cropping involves the selection of complementary crops for simultaneous growth. This technique can improve space utilization, reduce erosion, conserve water, and utilize the natural complementary plant relationships. For example, one plant uses nitrogen while another replenishes it. Plant groups may include many interrelationships.</div>
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In supplementary cropping, one plant is considered main and another minor or supporting. Crop rotation is the alternation of crops that have different suitable growing seasons. Crop rotation results in less soil depletion, and ensures that land is productive year round, depending upon climate.</div>
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PROUT advocates a system of sustainable agriculture and ecological balance. As far as possible, organic fertilizers should be used which maintain soil fertility. Advanced composting and plant combination techniques, along with a strong focus on research, will create considerable harmonious progress in agriculture. Many independent groups and individuals are developing and implementing techniques and systems such as organic and bio-dynamic farming, permaculture, microbial composting, radionics, and much more. Decentralized agriculture is much more conducive for such techniques.</div>
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Water management is a key issue in sustainability. Riverside and lakeside tree planting, mass afforestation, desert afforestation, rainfall capturing, artificial pond and reservoir creation, and other techniques would be implemented in a Proutistic agricultural framework. As far as possible underground water reserves would be conserved to maintain ecological balance.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Section Five</strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rural Development: Agro and Agrico Industries</em></strong></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">R</strong>ural poverty is a major problem facing most areas of the world. Under capitalism, little attention has been given to the development of rural economies. Industrialization has proceeded in a centralized manner, draining the populations of rural areas and creating ever-expanding urban centers. These cities, especially in third-world nations, give rise to numerous social and ecological problems, and in many respects, fail to provide a decent quality of life to their inhabitants. There also seems to be no immediate solution to the rural exodus and global urbanization crisis in the current economic setup. Hence, measures are needed to develop rural economies and provide incentives for the diffusion of urban populations into smaller, more sustainable and humane communities.</div>
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While the long term solution to urbanization and rural poverty is an integrated, decentralized economy, the creation of pre- and post- agricultural production enterprises (agrico and agro industries) is an important step to rural economic vitalization. In most impoverished rural economies, production or extraction of raw materials is the primary source of income, whether food production, plant fiber production or mining. What is needed is to bring all industries related to the processing and production of these resources to the rural areas themselves. This will create a demand for skilled labor in rural areas and raise the living standards. Food preservation and processing, the production of finished fabric from raw materials, oil production, milling, fertilizer manufacturing, tool manufacturing, etc can all be accomplished in rural areas. Combined with educational efforts and the introduction of non-agricultural cottage industries, this will diversify and vitalize the economies and make a decent living standard possible. Combined with modern communications technologies and information accessibility, the possibility of decentralized economies and smaller communities emerges.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><u style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Part B: INDUSTRY</u></strong></h4>
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Section One:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Decentralization and Self-sufficiency</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A</strong>ccording to PROUT, economic planning has to begin at the grassroots level in order to make use of and develop the experience and expertise of the local population. This implies that the optimal form of an economy is a decentralized one, rather than the centralized form which is present in both capitalist and socialist countries. Decentralization is preferred as it is the system which best allows local people to retain power over their own economic destiny. And as previously discussed, decentralization is a crucial ingredient for economic democracy.</div>
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In order for decentralization to exist successfully, there must be a cooperative economic structure. In such a structure the profit motive would be replaced by the desire to produce goods to meet the needs of the local people. The desire for profit is often at odds with this idea of production for consumption. Capitalists start industries only where favorable conditions for production and sales exist. They therefore often ignore the real needs of a population insofar as profits are often made at the expense of local people and the local eco-systems. Under the cooperative economic structure, self-supporting economic units will be the norm. Such units must be nurtured and strengthened. This requires a decentralized approach to industry as well as agriculture. Self-sufficiency does not mean only the local production of food – the industrial sector is highly important as well, and cannot be neglected. Hence PROUT advocates the existence of a full range of industries, mostly on a small scale, for every socio-economic unit.</div>
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Section Two:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Three-Tiered Ownership and Economic Democracy</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">U</strong>nder the Proutist economic system there are three different scales on which industry can be organized: key industries, cooperatives and private enterprises. The largest of these are the key industries, followed by cooperatives and then individual businesses.</div>
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Key industries are those which require large capital investment and are on a large scale. Examples might be the railway system or steel mill. Key industries may also function on different levels of decentralization. While the railway system may be administered at the federal level, energy production or raw material extraction would be administered by a local government. It would be difficult to operate key industries on a cooperative basis due to size constraints or their central role in economic production. As such the government needs to control these industries on behalf of the population. These key industries should be operated on a no-profit, no-loss basis, while providing enough worker incentive to maximize efficiency, quality, and worker happiness.</div>
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It is a basic right in an economic democracy for workers to be involved in management. As in agriculture, this is best accomplished through the cooperative system. Producer and consumer cooperatives form the mainstay of a PROUT economy. They are involved in the production and distribution of clothing, housing, food, medicines, appliances, personal transportation, etc. To serve the larger producer cooperatives, many smaller satellite cooperatives should be formed. For example, many of the component parts needed in automobile manufacturing can be produced by a satellite cooperative, and then shipped off to the car manufacturing plant for final assembly. In this way, highly decentralized, specialized industries can be developed on a small scale. There is a high degree of autonomy and individual franchise in such a system.</div>
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Entrepreneurs or small businesses form the third tier of a PROUT economy. These may be involved in the production of non-essential or luxury goods and services. Goods such as handicrafts or jewelry, and services such as restaurants might be appropriate for this. If anyone is privately employed in such an enterprise, there will be incentive for the owner to compensate well and provide incentive, for at any time the employees could leave to join a cooperative arrangement. And if a private industry becomes too large it will be required to make a transition to cooperative management.</div>
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Section Three:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rationalization (Scientific Planning and Development)</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">U</strong>nder a capitalist system, the benefits of scientific advancement in an industry usually accrue only to the stockholders and often results in a loss of jobs. This is due to the outlook that profits are to be maximized and that human beings are nothing more than another capital input. Since the goal of PROUT is to satisfy the needs of the people instead of maximizing profits, any invention that increases productivity will either lead to an increase in the workers’ compensation or increased leisure time without a resultant loss in income. A reduction in working hours, however, would depend not only on increased production, but also on demand for the product and the availability of labor. We have seen a call for a reduction of the average working hours from time to time in the industrially developed countries. Under PROUT such measures would be built-in.</div>
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PROUT strongly advocates regional self-sufficiency, yet it is clear that not all regions are blessed with equal resources. Advances made in science, however can help deficient areas to overcome a lack of natural resources. This will come about through advances in the production of synthetic raw materials, and through new methods of utilizing existing resources.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Section One:</strong><br /><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Taxation and the Banking System</em></strong></div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">I</strong>nstead of taxing income, as is customary at the present time, PROUT proposes that taxes be levied at the point of production. Essential commodities would be tax free. Hence, there would be less bureaucratic involvement, reducing government expenditure, and the government’s income would accurately reflect the activity in the economic sector.</div>
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The banking system would be under the control of cooperatives. There would, however, also be a central bank controlled by the government. Two points are important to remember in regards to the banking system; the first is that banks exist to serve the people, not to increase the wealth of a few select individuals. As such, careful regulations must exist concerning the income of banks. This problem is also partially solved by using the cooperative or credit union system. Secondly, in the Proutist banking system, money will not be printed unless there is sufficient bullion in the governmental treasury. To do otherwise contributes greatly to the spiral of inflation and all of its attendant problems.</div>
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Banks will lend money to agricultural or industrial cooperatives and possibly individuals for productive enterprises – i.e. only for such endeavors which promise to generate revenue. The maxim of a Proutist banking system is, “Keep money rolling.” The more that money circulates the greater its productivity. Idle money makes no contribution to keeping an economy vital. It is, in fact, one of the causes of economic depressions. Therefore, let purchasing and investment be ever increasing, with money moving more and more quickly. The more it changes hands, the more it increases the purchasing capacity of the people and economic vitality. The only factor that should curb the speed of the circulation of money is the sustainability of the biological diversity of the region.</div>
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Section Two:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Service and Buyers’ Cooperatives</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">S</strong>ervice cooperatives are considered very important in PROUT. Service providers, such as doctors, dentists, plumbers, etc., may decide to join forces and form cooperatives in the cases where the individual service provider is unwilling or unable to open their own practice. Thus, there is the scope for certain services to be offered either by private business or by the cooperative system.</div>
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Buyer’s cooperatives would be responsible for the distribution of most essential commodities. As far as possible, PROUT seeks to eliminate middle men who take profits but do not contribute to productivity. In a decentralized economy, buyer’s cooperatives become very practical and important. Food cooperatives have become quite popular in many places already, and this success should be extended to other aspects of the basic necessities.</div>
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Further Reading:</div>
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<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ideal Farming Part II.</em><br />This book (and its unpublished prequil) provides a basic understanding of the author’s system of integrated agriculture.</div>
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<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Proutist Economics.</em><br />Part Three of this book is particularly relevant to agriculture, cooperatives, and rural development. Part Four includes discussions upon industry, services, and banking, while Chapter Four is devoted solely to banking and finance.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4369943854512282764.post-45515918341262774562018-01-19T03:35:00.003-08:002018-01-19T03:36:13.245-08:00Proutist Economics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Section One:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Production for Human Needs and Maximum Utilization</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">T</strong>he capitalist socio-economic system is based on the motivation of the individual for financial profit. In the pursuit of profit, human beings are treated as capital input, equal to land and equipment. According to PROUT, such a system is the exact opposite of what a socio-economy should be. We hold that meeting the needs of human beings is the reason that economies exist.</div>
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Treating people as just another form of capital has allowed for great social injustice and exploitation. Today many hard working people face the loss of their jobs as companies under pressure to increase profit margins look towards downsizing as an easy way to cut costs. Many more people remain chronically unemployed and underemployed due to lack of jobs. For the majority of jobs, related purchasing capacity continues to decrease.</div>
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In the capitalist system, production, distribution, and regulation take place through the so-called “free market” mechanism. Consumers are free to purchase or not to purchase goods, and the ensuing</div>
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competition between uncoordinated manufacturers allegedly ensures high quality goods and low prices. Those goods which do not serve the perceived needs of the society are not bought and since the manufacturer cannot make a profit on them, production of such goods ceases. In effect, this is seen as the consumer directing the manufacturer as to which goods to produce and which not to. However, this is not the whole story. The endless quest for higher profits has led to the creation of psychologically sophisticated methods for the creation of artificial markets for unnecessary or even harmful goods and services. Through the sheer force of advertisement campaigns, markets are created and sustained for items such as cigarettes, junk foods, superficial entertainment, and a million and one superfluous items and brand names. As long as profits are the basis for production, businesses will always devise new methods for increasing the demand for products. Even if the products are environmentally or socially harmful, this will not matter, so long as it remains profitable to produce them.</div>
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Though advocates of capitalism may stress that the existing economy is neither centralized nor planned, in reality the high concentration of economic power in the hands of a few big corporations, individuals, and banks – and they truly are few in number – leads to a centralization which, though less overt than in the communist nations, is virtually absolute. Only a handful of corporations control all major industries, including military technology, energy, real estate, banking, food, and health care. Even political leaders must have their campaigns paid for by the corporate elite.</div>
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Highly sophisticated financial control mechanisms have been put in place in today’s “free market” economy to increase profits and wealth for the few, while diminishing living standards and destroying self-reliance and local ownership of resources. This is witnessed in the great imbalance of consumption. Today only 20% of the population consumes 80% of the goods and services, leaving only crumbs for 80% of humanity. So too, the concentration of wealth within the fortunate 20% has been dramatically increasing while the purchasing power of the middle class and lower class has generally deteriorated. It is estimated that close to 50% of the wealth in the United States is owned by less than 1% of the population.</div>
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In the northern industrialized nations, there remains some semblance of economic self-determination and a few restrictions upon multinational corporate activity, but the poverty and disparity of wealth in the developing nations is truly pitiful.</div>
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Today the corporate elite, through institutions like the World Trade Organization, the OECD, the World Bank, and by direct interventions of multinational corporations, seek to bring all local economies under their control. They want to make it illegal for governments to control their activity in the interest of local people. In essence, they want to bind local people to a global economy that exploits their labor and local resources and makes them subservient to the decisions of distant economic masters. Fast Track and NAFTA in the United States, and the Multilateral Agreement on Investments (MAI) promoted by the OECD are geared to accomplish this end.</div>
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The primary economic goal of PROUT is to maximally utilize and rationally distribute the resources of the world. Maximum utilization means that the resources of the world should be harnessed in an efficient and progressive manner, with the sole motivation of meeting the needs of all human beings within the carrying capacity of the planetary eco-systems. This requires that local people plan their own economies and control their own resources. This is the only way to prevent economic exploitation and ensure environmental sustainability.</div>
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In this effort, PROUT does not take a technologically phobic attitude, rather it encourages constant scientific endeavor made in the spirit of general welfare and local self-reliance.</div>
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Section Two:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Rational Distribution: Guaranteed Minimum Necessities And Maximum Amenities</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">T</strong>he most fundamental feature of the Proutist economic system is that the minimum necessities of life are to be guaranteed for all. In this age of rapid scientific advancement, it is irrational that some human beings should be deprived of their existential necessities while others amass great hoards of wealth. The determination of minimum necessities should be done in a progressive way; i.e. there must be continual adjustment of the definition of basic requirements depending upon the resources and scientific standard of the time and place. The minimum requirements are not to be handed out by the central government in a way similar to the current welfare system of liberal democratic countries. Rather, local planning should guarantee sufficient jobs to enable one to earn the required purchasing power. The guarantee of employment that provides sufficient earning power is essential to PROUT.<br />
Only as a special contingency, or for those who are deemed mentally or physically disabled, could there be something resembling the welfare system of the liberal democratic countries.</div>
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In a Proutist framework, the people’s <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">purchasing capacity</em> will be taken as the measure of economic advancement. In order to continually increase purchasing capacity, a number of factors are required. These include the <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">guaranteed availability of basic goods and services, stable prices, progressive and periodic wage increases, and increasing collective wealth and productivity.</em></div>
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PROUT recognizes five minimum necessities of life. These are <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">food, clothing, housing, medical care</em>, and <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">education</em>. Supplemental requirements are the guaranteed availability of <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">energy, transportation </em>and<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">water</em>.</div>
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Presently, in the capitalistic countries, there is neither a guarantee of the basic requirements of life, nor is there a limit put on the wealth that an individual or corporate entity may accumulate. Insofar as physical resources are finite in nature, this creates an increasing divide between the haves and the have-nots.</div>
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Under a Proutist system the basic necessities are guaranteed to all. This is the bottom line of a Proutist economy. To accomplish this, PROUT recommends that there be a cap on the amount of earnings by an individual or corporate entity. Some have suggested that the ratio between the highest and the lowest paid members of a society be 10:1. By tying these two incomes together, society will work to raise the living standards of its poorest members, and guarantee them more of life’s amenities as the collective wealth of society increases.</div>
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PROUT holds that the more meritorious, skillful, or service-oriented people ought to receive greater remuneration than the average worker. This will encourage people to do better and develop themselves and their skills. Meritorious people will earn more than common people, and this earning will include their <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">maximum amenities</em>. Amenities include goods and services which increase one’s living standard and quality of life.</div>
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Common people should also be provided with more and more natural amenities to make their lives easier. While there will always be a gap between the maximum amenities of the common people and the maximum amenities of the meritorious, there should nonetheless be a constant effort to reduce this gap. If the maximum amenities of meritorious people become excessively high, then the minimum requirements of common people should be immediately increased. For example, if a person with special qualities has a motor bike and an ordinary person has a bicycle, there is a balanced adjustment. But if the person with special qualities has a car, then we should immediately try to provide the common people with motor bikes.</div>
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What constitutes both the minimum requirements and the maximum amenities should be ever increasing so long as the needs of the environment are also accounted for. As the need for the minimum requirements is fulfilled and the supply of the maximum amenities increases, the struggle for daily subsistence will gradually decrease and people’s lives will become easier and more enjoyable. For this reason PROUT guarantees the minimum requirements and the maximum amenities to all.</div>
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In the physical and psychic realms movement toward the satisfaction of human wants and needs should be never ending. But, insofar as everything in these realms is limited, the hunger of human beings will remain unsatisfied and we will always want more. This longing for more can only be completely satisfied in the spiritual realm. Only at the point of merger with the Absolute is human hunger fully satisfied. Thus, while the purpose of PROUT is to satisfy human hunger in the physical and psychic realms, we must remember that true progress lies in the movement from imperfection to perfection. To go beyond this psycho-physical world is to go beyond the realm of PROUT and to enter the world of intuitional or spiritual science.</div>
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Section Three:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Economic Democracy</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">I</strong>n most of the world today people have come to think of democracy as being the best system of government. But what exactly do we mean by democracy? Generally, people think of democracy as meaning the enfranchisement of the masses. It means a political system that allows all of its citizens the right to elect political representatives who look after their interests. True democracy encompasses much more than this however. In order to have genuine self-determination and economic security, the concept of democracy must be expanded to include “economic democracy.”</div>
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Certainly it is true that political democracy has given people the right to vote. But what is the practical use of this right? In some democratic countries, such as the United States, many voters have become so disillusioned with the choices offered to them that they do not even bother to vote. Many who choose to vote, do not study the issues involved but base their vote on a candidate’s political affiliation, the effectiveness of their advertising, or other issues which ought to be peripheral to the selection of the best candidate. Due to financial and political interests, the media is often ineffective in its portrayal of issues that have the greatest impact on people. Thus, in most instances, political democracy creates the illusion in people that they do indeed have a say in their own future, while the real power continues to lie with the wealthy and powerful, who have a vested interest in seeing that their interests are served at the expense of the great majority. The choice Americans typically make between the two main political parties is a choice between two parties serving the same masters. Having put one or the other party in power, people then sit back in dismay as they watch decisions which affect them and their livelihood made against their best interests. Or if some action is taken on behalf of the majority, the allocation of funds is never enough to change conditions or alter the distribution of wealth.</div>
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The underlying idea of <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">economic democracy</em> is that humans should not be exploited by those who are in control of capital. On the political level, democracy may mean a certain degree of choice and freedom; but on the economic level little has changed since the days of feudalism. Workers are still forced by necessity to provide their labor to those controlling capital resources. Their only right is to quit. Although they do the work, they have little or no say in managerial affairs and rarely receive a share of profit. Those with capital are able to compel others into a sort of bondage by force of circumstances – and this is accepted as natural. Allegedly the controlling mechanism is again the free market system, which is supposed to guarantee sufficient competition between employers that they are compelled to make jobs appealing. The reality for many workers is quite different, as they are increasingly compelled to work on others’ terms – if at all – even in the industrialized nations.</div>
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According to PROUT, one has an intrinsic right to the fruit of one’s labor, and an intrinsic right in managing the products of his or her actions. To accomplish this, PROUT recognizes the need for a decentralized economy based upon cooperative management as far as is possible and practical. These concepts will be further discussed in subsequent sections and chapters.</div>
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Economic democracy entails the planning of economic development in a particular region by the people of that region. This type of democracy represents a truer freedom than the high sounding but ultimately ineffectual and incomplete political democracy. Political democracy without economic democracy becomes less meaningful as purchasing power is drained from working people to fill the already overflowing coffers of those few with capital.</div>
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For economic democracy to come about, four requirements must be fulfilled. The economic ideas of PROUT are geared toward meeting these requirements.</div>
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The first of these is that there must be a guarantee that the <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">minimum requirements</em> of a certain time and place are available to everyone, as discussed in the previous section. This will increase the all-round welfare of a society by removing existential fear.</div>
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Secondly, people must have <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">increasing capacity to purchase goods and services</em>. Their incomes must be constantly rising. In order to achieve this in an economic democracy, the raw materials and other assets of a particular region ought to stay in that region for purposes of refinement and manufacturing. As improvements in production occur and new, more efficient uses for resources are developed, the benefits should accrue to the local inhabitants rather than to outsiders. Such advances will increase the standard of living rather than making select individuals wealthy. Such a system will help to bring about full employment and raise the standard of living in a region.</div>
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The third requirement for the establishment of economic democracy is that <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">local people must have the right to make all decisions in regards to the local economy</em> (that is, the creation of a decentralized economy as discussed in the next section).</div>
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Finally, the fourth criteria is that <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">all outsiders must be prevented from interfering in the business of the local economy</em>. Ideally there will not be outside ownership. Such a restriction will serve to stem the outflow of local capital, so that those living near a source of raw materials will be the rightful beneficiaries and also the rightful stewards of that wealth.</div>
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Section Four:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Economic Decentralization and Socio-Economic Units</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">F</strong>or accomplishing its economic ideals, PROUT advocates an economic system based on <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">decentralization</em>. In a capitalistic system, the quest for profit directs the economic activity. In PROUT, the meeting of human needs is the underlying goal. Production based on this goal is best accomplished in a decentralized manner. Decentralization is the direct expression of economic democracy, insofar as local control of resources allows the best means to achieve maximum utilization and rational distribution of those resources. Conversely, centralization is the direct expression of capitalism because it allows maximum control of local resources by the capitalists.</div>
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Decentralization is also required for sustainability, because in this system the local people become responsible for the stewardship of resources. This is completely different from the current system, wherein profits are often made at the cost of social and environmental degradation. Under PROUT, resources are protected and enhanced because the standard of living of the local people is directly dependent upon it.</div>
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In order to accomplish decentralization, PROUT seeks to formulate “units of economic self-sufficiency,” or socio-economic units. The formation of such a unit would be the decision of local people. Such a decision would be based upon such factors as common economic and social problems, common geographic potentialities and problems, common cultural legacy and language etc. Cultural and ethnic factors are quite relative, and they may or may not be helpful in establishing economic divisions. More to the point is that there should be a sentiment for cooperation among the local people to meet the common goal of economic self-reliance. Local people are those who have merged their economic interests in a particular region. Anyone may settle in any socio-economic unit. Current political bodies (countries, federations, states, etc.) may contain one or several socio-economic units.</div>
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For planning purposes, each socio-economic unit is further divided into “blocks,” based upon economic, geographic and population considerations. The goal of a decentralized economy is to make each block (perhaps one to two hundred thousand people) self-reliant.</div>
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One of the major defects of capitalism is the drainage of capital from local areas and its concentration into few hands outside the control of local government. A company owned in New York may have a parasitic relationship with the economy of the Haitian countryside, thwarting the economic progress of the locals. Resources taken from under-developed areas are extracted at low cost and used to benefit capitalists elsewhere. Centralized economies also lead to high industrial and urban concentration. In a decentralized economy, there is no such problem of industrial concentration and excessive urban growth, or the problem of a growing migrant labor population. There is local control of resources and capital, and opportunity for every locality to develop its socio-economic potential. Each area strives for self-sufficiency and maximum development in all sectors of the economy with due regard for protecting the natural environment. Each is free to develop its own economic plan and methods of implementation.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Guiding Principles of Economic Decentralization</strong></div>
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PROUT proposes five guiding principles for economic decentralization. These are:</div>
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1) There should be local control of resources. This is especially necessary for those resources that are involved in the production of the basic necessities. Raw materials must be utilized as close to their source as possible for maximum efficiency, sustainability and benefit to the local people.</div>
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2) Production is need-based, driven by consumption rather than profit. Commodities should be produced primarily for the local market to prevent the outflow of capital. The socio-economic unit should be of sufficient size to create stability in the local markets and economy in general.</div>
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3) Production and distribution should be organized mainly through cooperatives. Cooperatives are largely incapable of competing in a centralized, capitalist environment. With a decentralized economy, however, the cooperative system will provide the means to ensure that everyone at the local level has employment and decision making power in the economy. This is a critical component of economic democracy.</div>
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4) There should be local employment in local economic enterprises. This is contingent upon strong local education so that skilled people are available in all fields. Cooperatives can play a role in this process by providing on-going educational opportunities for their members as well as opportunities for implementing this knowledge. This also ensures that very talented people can be properly utilized and will not succumb to “brain drain,” moving to more developed and affluent areas as is happening all over the world today. Many of the most skilled and talented move from rural areas to urban ones, and from the developing nations to the developed.</div>
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5) As far as possible, commodities pertaining to the basic necessities which are not locally produced, should be removed from the local markets. It is essential to the development of local production that this rule be applied. Initially, people may have to accept lower quality goods, higher prices, or less availability, but with proper development in accordance with the desires of a population, good results can be achieved by retaining capital within an economic unit. If there is enthusiasm and pride in locally produced goods, this process will proceed very well.</div>
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Section Five:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Trade</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">U</strong>nder PROUT, the issue of trade must be carefully considered. Guidelines should exist so that trade is beneficial to all parties concerned and to the economy as a whole. In an economic democracy, resources are considered the property of the people of that socio-economic unit. Furthermore, one of the maxims of economic decentralization is that refinement and manufacturing should take place as close to the source of raw materials as possible. Hence, the export of raw materials is considered inappropriate in such an economic framework. An exporting socio-economic unit would lose valuable opportunities for the creation of new jobs and economic vitality. Often, economies which depend upon the export of raw materials are economically underdeveloped and have a low standard of living. Depending upon the nature of the raw materials, the importing socio-economic unit might run the risk of overemphasis on industry; or if food is involved, it may harm the socio-economic unit’s ability to become agriculturally self-sufficient. Generally, such kind of trade is not conducive to economic decentralization or to a balanced economy (see next section).</div>
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However, when a socio-economic unit has insufficient raw materials to meet the minimum requirements of its populace, the importation of raw materials may be allowed. It should be carefully verified that the imported raw materials are indeed surplus to the socio-economic unit of origin.</div>
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Once a local economy is able to meet the basic needs of its people, finished goods which are not and cannot easily be produced should be allowed to enter an economic unit. Care should be taken, however, that they do not undermine the market for local goods. It is good if such kind of trade takes place through barter.</div>
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As an infrastructure develops for the exchange of manufactured goods, the free trade of surplus, finished goods between fully self-sufficient socio-economic units should be encouraged. This will help to facilitate prosperity and socio-economic parity amongst units. As this occurs, socio-economic units may begin to merge. This is a positive development if decentralized production and economic democracy are not jeopardized. One final and important point should be made in this matter. In order to avoid the emergence of a class of rich traders and middlemen, transactions between socio-economic units should be conducted only through producer and consumer cooperatives.</div>
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It should be clear how this approach differs from the capitalistic notion of freedom of trade. In quest of higher profit margins, capitalists seek cheap raw materials and cheap labor while targeting markets for finished goods which can give high returns. This is beneficial neither to the people living near the raw materials (who do not reap the benefits of ownership and may simply be employed in low wage mining, agricultural, or other jobs) nor to the populace of the more affluent market, for employment opportunities decrease as industry moves to cheap labor areas. And it is only marginally better for the areas which provide the labor for manufacturing because labor conditions, wages, and benefits will be as low as the capitalists can get away with. It may or may not stimulate much local economic growth or raise the standard of living. Furthermore, tremendous energy is wasted in shipping goods and raw materials between the sites of origin, sites of manufacturing, and the final markets.</div>
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Section Six:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Balanced Economy</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">I</strong>n PROUT, the need to have a balance between the agricultural and industrial sectors of the economy is emphasized. Each and every country needs to have a steady and reliable source of food, yet too often, especially in Western society, the agricultural sector tends to be overlooked in favor of the industrial. Over industrialization and urbanization have resulted in many social and environmental problems.</div>
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The idea of a balanced economy can be defined by the percentage of people employed in certain industries. PROUT suggests that the following percentages can serve as a guideline for a balanced economy: about 30 to 40 percent of the population should be employed in agriculture (this also includes extraction of natural resources); 20 percent in agrico-industry (i.e., pre-harvest industries serving agriculture such as the manufacture of farming tools and fertilizers); 20 percent in agro-industries (i.e., post harvest industries such as food processing, flour and cloth mills, paper mills, etc.); 10 percent in general trade and commerce; and 10 percent in intellectual and white collar jobs. Those involved in industry should be 20 to 30 percent, drawn from the agricultural sectors. The veracity of these general figures can only be determined by practical experience but they are based upon the following considerations.</div>
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If more than forty percent of the population depend directly on agriculture, there is a high probability of excess pressure on the land, and this generally indicates the existence of subsistence farming. It is unlikely that sophisticated farming methods will be used, and many farmers will not be able to earn adequate wages for subsistence. In general, the living standard will be low and such an economic unit will not be able to become highly developed. On the other hand, if too great a percentage of a unit’s population is employed in industry, that country becomes over-industrialized. Besides the social and environmental effects of over-industrialization, these countries will need to seek raw materials from underdeveloped areas in order to fuel their industries. A parasitic relationship develops and becomes necessary to maintain. The quest for cheap raw materials was largely responsible for the colonial expansion of the last centuries. This underlying arrangement continues to exist although its present form has changed.</div>
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Section Seven:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Three-Tiered Ownership</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">I</strong>n accordance with the principles of economic democracy, it was mentioned in previous sections that cooperatives will be the mainstay of a Proutist system. In a decentralized economy, all industries, agriculture and services can be effectively managed in a cooperative way. This does not mean, however, that the cooperatives will own the local resources. Rather the public sector will have to control raw materials as well as certain key industries (industries upon which other industries are built) on behalf of the people as a whole. An example of a key industry is a public utility, an iron and steel mill, a mining operation etc.</div>
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Another area where cooperatives may not be efficient is in the small-scale private sector. In some instances, individual private initiatives may better foster economic efficiency and productivity. Family run restaurants or small retail shops, artistic or entrepreneurial ventures, independent research etc., are some examples.</div>
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Therefore, according to PROUT there is a three-tiered economic structure. It is composed of key industries controlled by the local government; cooperatives for industry, agriculture and service (including finance) and thirdly, small privately-owned and run enterprises.</div>
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Section Eight:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Planning and Development</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">P</strong>lanning is essential for decentralized economic development. It is required to ensure the coordination of the production and distribution of goods and services, particularly, the basic necessities. Proutistic planning differs from communistic planning in several respects. In communism, central planning takes top priority, while local planning is only a reflection of the central planning. In PROUT, decentralized, block-level planning is the basis of the economy. This is called<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> intra-block planning</em>. Blocks (of approximately one or two hundred-thousand people) are divisions of socio-economic units. Planning will certainly occur on district, state, national and global levels, but bottom-up planning is the foundation. Each higher level of planning will involve the coordination of various blocks, districts, etc., rather than making decisions for the lower levels.</div>
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Since there are problems that traverse block boundaries and cannot be solved by one block alone (examples are flood control, river valley projects, communication systems, higher educational institutions, afforestation projects, the environmental impact of development, the establishment of key industries, soil erosion, water supply, power generation, the establishment of an organized market system, etc.), cooperation among blocks is necessary. Planning among blocks is called <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">inter-block planning</em>. Inter-block planning is an economic venture into selected fields to organize and harmonize socio-economic development in a few adjoining blocks through mutual coordination and cooperation.</div>
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In order to ensure a balance in economic planning, the following factors should be considered:</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The present demand and the demand of the near future.<br />· The present supply and that of the near future.<br />· Availability of the factors of production.<br />· Ensuring basic necessities of life through the application of the principles of PROUT.</li>
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As per PROUT, there are also four fundamental principles to ensure efficiency in planning</div>
<ul style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px 0px 20px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">
<li style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The cost of production<br />· The productive potential of the economic unit<br />· The purchasing capacity of the unit<br />· The collective necessity.</li>
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Other considerations include natural resources, geographical features, climate, river systems, transportation, industrial potentialities, cultural heritage and social conditions.</div>
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Planning should be consistent with the overall goals of PROUT to achieve maximum utilization and rational distribution. Planning must be short term, keeping in mind long term goals and considerations. PROUT suggests six months as the ideal for short term and three years as the ideal of long term planning and projection. If planning reaches far into the future it will become impractical and will fail to adjust with scientific advancement and other unpredictable factors. But, if planning does not keep long term objectives in mind then it will be difficult to fulfill the economic necessities of an area.</div>
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Section Nine:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Quadri-Dimensional Economics</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A</strong>ccording to PROUT, there are four distinct parts to a developed economy, and hence four branches of the science of economics. This four-fold division of the economy is a feature unique to PROUT. The divisions are: 1) <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">People’s economy</em>, 2) <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Psycho-economy</em>, 3) <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Commercial economy</em>, and 4) <em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">General economy</em>.</div>
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Of these, the people’s economy is given the most emphasis. This field of economics analyzes the lives of individuals in relation to the economy as a whole, including their living standard, purchasing capacity, and economic problems. The most important aspect of the people’s economy is ensuring the guarantee of minimum requirements for everyone. Aspects included under this heading are most aspects of the production, distribution, storage, marketing, pricing, etc., of consumable goods. Hence, the people’s economy deals with producing necessary goods and amenities and getting them to the people in a timely and useful fashion.</div>
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To meet the minimum requirements for all requires that everyone has a large enough purchasing capacity. Therefore, another aspect of people’s economy is ensuring employment for everyone. This includes the eradication of mass poverty, the development of rural economies, skill training and work placement programs. One further concern of people’s economy is assisting the development of both private and cooperative industries. This would include measures to help privately-owned enterprises which grow too large to develop cooperative management.</div>
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The psychic aspects of economic activity are addressed by psycho-economics and pertain to the psycho-economy. At the present time, economists pay little or no regard to this aspect of economics. Once the basic needs have been attained, the psycho-economy will take on a much more important role. This field covers the relation of psychology to economic activity.</div>
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There are two branches of study within psycho-economics. The first is the psychology of exploitation. It is concerned with the elimination of unjust and exploitative economic behaviors. This branch of economic research makes people aware of how capitalism creates demands that are ultimately dangerous to the development of human beings. The second branch of psycho-economics is concerned with nurturing the mental needs of the people and with finding creative solutions to economic problems. Production of goods which have more impact in the mental than physical sphere is also an aspect of this branch. The economics of ensuring wide distribution of, and access to, all sorts of information, entertainment, arts, and crafts is an important aspect of psycho-economics.</div>
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The last two sections of the quadri-dimensional economy are the commercial economy and the general economy. These two sectors roughly correspond to what is recognized today as the field of economics, and as such there is no need to deal with them at length here. The commercial economy looks at how to develop more efficient and scientific methods for the production of goods and their delivery into the people’s hands. General economy includes the overall organization of the structure of industry and the coordination of all levels of the economy, the goal of which should be to satisfy the collective needs of the society.</div>
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Section Ten:<br /><em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Economic Depressions</em></h4>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">F</strong>rom the very beginning, the industrial economy has not been a smooth journey. Years of industrial expansion have consistently been followed by years of depression – the bull market by the bear market. What is at the root of this? Should it be accepted as natural and inherent in any economy, or is it related to a specific mode of production?</div>
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All phenomena, whether social or economic, undergo systaltic movement (see social movement). Hence, pause is a natural state in the economic life of a nation. However, depression is not a natural state. It results from a defective socio-economic philosophy and practice. According to PROUT, depression is the net result of suppression, oppression and repression i.e. exploitation.</div>
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First, we have to say that before the development of the modern industrial economy, there were no industrial depressions as such. The economy was, of course, much more geared to “production for subsistence” and less market-oriented. There were economic disasters but these were generally due to scarcity, famine or war. In contrast, the modern industrial economy produces depressions accompanied by surplus products. The problem here is that the working people lack the purchasing capacity to buy the produced goods because capital has become too highly concentrated in the hands of the capitalists who see no profitable opportunity to invest their money.</div>
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At the root of economic depressions is the inner contradiction of capitalism. Here industries seek to maximize profits while reducing costs, as well as maintain or increase their market share. But in order to increase their profits and decrease their costs, there is a constant pressure to increase efficiency and reduce labor costs. As the economy slows, people’s jobs are terminated. As the purchasing capacity of the workforce is undermined the consumption of goods decreases. In this way modern industry constantly cuts away at the branch on which it sits. Under such circumstances, the capitalists can only gamble on the stock market, centralize capital more through mergers and acquisitions or expand there markets in other countries. The net result of this approach is that profits do indeed rise while costs decrease. The problem is that it also results in a tremendous income gap between owners and workers. Ultimately depressions can be tracked to four causes: 1) great concentration of wealth, 2) blockages in the circulation of money, 3) curtailment in the purchasing power of people, and 4) monetary devaluation and the resulting inability of the unit of money to be the unit of economic stability.</div>
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Institutions and practices which support these factors become the instruments of exploitation and cause the death of a society.</div>
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These factors are not inevitable. They are not inherent by nature in every industrial economy. Rather we can say that the law of productivity is benign when its goal is to meet the needs of the people. Under PROUT, if efficiency increases production beyond the need, “downsizing” will mean reduced working hours at the same pay rather than layoffs. In a cooperative economy there may be no limit to increasing productivity, while maintaining full employment, so long as the carrying capacity of the resource base is not violated. This is because the goal of the economy would be a higher standard of living for all.</div>
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Further Reading:</div>
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<em style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Proutist Economics. </em><br />
Parts one, two, and four of this book particularly deal with the concepts outlined in this chapter.</div>
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